S K Dubey
In this study, gallium arsenide samples were first implanted with 325 V Mn ke + ions for the fluence of 16 2 2 10 ions cm− × . These implanted samples were further irradiated using 2 5MeVSi + ion beams for the fluence of 16 2 1 10 ions cm− × at a substrate temperature of 350 0C for recrystallization. Super conducting quantum interface device (SQUID) measurements on asimplanted sample revealed the paramagnetic behavior. While, after irradiation with 2 5MeVSi + ions, SQUID measurements showed the hysteresis loop indicative of the ferromagnetic behavior. Ferromagnetic transition temperature after irradiation of (Ga,Mn). As samples measured from zero field cool and field cool measurements were found to be 292 Kelvin.
Lingayya Hiremath, Shaila Vantagodi, Shivaprada S Hegde, Anitha G S , Keshamma E
Pectin and Chitosan are the naturally occurring polymers which possess various beneficial properties. Pectin and Chitosan are abundantly available versatile polysaccharides with wide range of applications. The inherent properties of Pectin and Chitosan could be exploited to develop a biocomposite material which can be used as wound dressing material. Pectin is generously available in plant materials mainly citrus fruit peel. In th[e present study, Pectin was extracted from orange peels by Citric Acid and Alcohol Precipitation method as this method retains the Pectin properties and increases the yield of Pectin extraction. Characterization of Pectin extract by solubility tests and SEM analysis revealed the presence of Pectin. The extracted Pectin is sufficient enough to enhance the gelling ability of the biocomposite material. The extracted Pectin along with Chitosan extra pure was used for development of Pectin Chitosan biocomposite materials with the help of suitable solvents. The biocomposite material was prepared by using lactic acid or glycerol by solvent casting method. The biocomposite material was further characterized by SEM analysis which revealed that the surface of the material was smooth and heterogeneous. Also, antibacterial test against Bacillus subtilis confirms that the Pectin and Chitosan retains its antibacterial property in biocomposite materia.
Alternative small diameter vascular grafts are needed for patients that require surgical revascularization in patients lacking autologous vein. In this study, a Polyglycolic Acid (PGA)-Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) electrospun scaffold seeded with human dermal fibroblasts was placed in a biomimetic perfusion system to generate a hybrid tissue engineered vessel. The outer layer was an electrospun PGA that was co-electrosprayed with sacrificial polyethylene oxide (PEO) microparticles to increase porosity. The PGA-TPU scaffold remained static for 1 week, then circumferential strain amplitude was incremented from 1% to 5% over 6 weeks. The hybrid tissue engineered vessel had an outer cellular layer with collagen deposition replacing the biodegradable PGA and the inner residual polyurethane layer remained relatively acellular. The tensile properties of the hybrid tissue engineered vessel demonstrated a significant reduction in the elastic modulus compared to the PGA-TPU scaffold, but the ultimate tensile strength, extension to break, and burst pressure remained stable. Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the degradation of the PGA and a reduction of polyurethane crosslinking in the hybrid TEV compared to the PGA-TPU. Thus, a biomimetic perfusion system can be used to evaluate the biocompatibility of an electrospun polyurethane scaffold in vitro, to understand the mechanical changes of the polyurethane scaffold after exposure to circumferential stretch, and to generate a hybrid tissue engineered vessel with suitable characteristics for implantation.
Maxim Alexandrovich Pugachevskii*
Ceria particles of nanodispersed composition have been obtained by laser ablation and subsequent treatment in an aqueous solution. Using techniques (TEM, XRD, Raman, EELS) of the nanostructural and electronic analysis, it is shown that the produced particles have structural defects that stabilize their internal structure. It is established that when the particle size decreases from 100 to 10 nm, the crystal lattice parameter lowers from 5.41 to 5.39 , and the elemental O/Ce composition changes from 1:1.83 to 1:1.76. The ablated CeO2 particles of nanodispersed composition exhibit high antioxidant activity due to the high concentration of functional defects on the surface of nanoparticles.
Agata Michalska, Krzysztof Maksymiuk , Emilia Stelmach
Ion-selective membranes, as used in potentiometric sensors, are mixtures of a few important constituents in a carefully balanced proportion.
The changes of composition of the ion-selective membrane, both qualitative and quantitative, affect the analytical performance of
sensors. Different constructions and materials applied to improve sensors result in specific conditions of membrane formation, in
consequence, potentially can result in uncontrolled modification of the membrane composition. Clearly, these effects need to be considered,
especially if preparation of miniaturized, potentially disposable internal-solution free sensors is considered. Furthermore, membrane
composition changes can occur during the normal operation of sensors—accumulation of species as well as release need to be taken into
account, regardless of the construction of sensors used. Issues related to spontaneous changes of membrane composition that can occur
during sensor construction, pre-treatment and their operation, seem to be underestimated in the subject literature. The aim of this work is
to summarize available data related to potentiometric sensors and highlight the effects that can potentially be important also for other
sensors using ion-selective membranes, e.g., optodes or voltammetric sensors.
The atomic structure is presented on the basis of the theory of vortex gravitation. The feasibility and calculation of the values of the density and mass of electromagnetic particles are proposed. A calculation is made, which proves that the photon must have mass. In the calculations, some physical characteristics of electromagnetic particles that are accepted by modern physics are refuted.
Hao Hu*, Kari Ullako, Xin Lai and Mingming Chao
Surface defect control is the serious science in semiconductor industry. Surface defects found at the end product of silicon wafer manufacturing are generated by human, fab facility, equipment and process. Generally, the surface defects found on a silicon wafer could be classified as grown-in Crystal Originated Particles (COPs), Surface-Adhered Foreign Particles (SFPs), and Process-Induced Defects (PIDs). Making the correct defect classification by the surface scanning instrument is of paramount because it provides the opportunity for finding defect root cause, which is part of yield enhancement process. This article reveals a novel defect classification approach by optimizing the linear-based channeling and rule-based binning algorithms applied in KLA surface scanning counter, a commercially available surface defect metrology tool.
Hollow nanostructured materials have gained attraction due to their advantages in stability, enlarged surface area and enhanced electrochemical performance toward supercapacitors. In this study, we describe the synthesis of hollow polyaniline spheres (HPS) by one pot polymerization process using FeCl3 as a catalyst and H2O2 as oxidizing agents under hydrothermal conditions. The HPS are further activated by using potassium hydroxide (KOH) and heat treatment under N2. The obtained results have demonstrated that activated HPS samples possess unique well- balanced hierarchical porous structure with mesopores and micropores combination. Besides, activated HPS own easy-accessibly large surface area and high conductivity, which can result in ultrafast electrolyte ion transport and endow carbon materials outstanding capacitive performance. Furthermore, the KOH activated HPS exhibits a larger specific surface area of 311 m2 g–1, specific capacitance of 945 F g–1 at scan rate 2 mV s–1, high energy density 126 Wh kgâ??1 at 1 A gâ??1 current density and capacitance retention (96%) after completing 1000 cycles in 1.0 M KOH aqueous solution, indicating that HPS are a promising electrode material for high performance supercapacitor application
M. GHadimi Dafrazi*, B. Barooghi Bonab and M. Mahdi Bali
One of the basic needs in the defense industry is the manufacturing of thin-slice and high-plasticity pieces, but thin-slice pieces with complex geometric shapes can often not be manufactured by conventional ways or cost more than conventional ones. Usually, the method of manufacturing these pieces is to use the spinning. In addition to quality and precision in size, these pieces must be of high strength, which makes them difficult to manufacture. In this study, spinning with thermal methods in High Temperature Furnace was used to form a bowl. The Hastelloy x alloy was used for fabrication. All tensile, hardness and microstructure tests were performed on the formed part by optical microscopy after forming and heating processes. After completing the process of manufacturing, the quality of its dimensions were also measured by a 3D optical scanner. The Hastelloy x alloy loses its plasticity after 45% cold-working, which significantly reduces elongation and increases hardness. The furnace at 1177°C was used to increase the workability. The use of the furnace results in full recrystallization of the microstructure, reducing the hardness by 62 percent, increasing by 6 times the elongation, and by 40 percent the yield stress, which provides the conditions for further cold work. Experimental examination of surface quality using optical scanners shows that the average thickness distribution obtained for this experiment is 0.13. This value represents only a difference of less than 15% with the value obtained by software 0.15, indicating that the dimension produced is in good agreement with the sample.
Recent innovations in engineered materials have been leveraged to augment the field of flexible electronics. Flexible electronic devices are often lightweight, portable, less expensive, environment friendly, and disposable. Flexible electronics systems require the integration of flexible and stretchable antennas operating in specific frequency bands to provide wireless connectivity, which is necessity in today’s informationoriented society. The markets for flexible wireless devices are rapidly increasing partly due to the demands in wearable and implantable devices for health-monitoring systems and daily-life wireless devices. For this reason, the need for flexible printed antennas has increased in recent years, especially for biomedical applications. This paper focuses on the need for flexible antennas, materials, and processes used for fabricating the antennas, various material properties influencing antenna performance, and specific biomedical applications accompanied by the design considerations. After a comprehensive treatment of the above-mentioned topics, the paper will also focus on inherent challenges and future prospects of flexible antennas. Finally, an insight into the application of flexible antenna on future wireless solutions is discussed
Arpitha Kumari*, Ganesh Sanjeev, Boja Poojari, and Soumya P V
Synthesis of 3-[3-(2,3-dichlrophenyl)prop-2-enyl]-2H-chromen-2-one is a heterocyclic organic crystal using Claisen-Schmidth condensation reaction. Functional group present in the sample was investigated by their vibrational modes using FTIR spectrometer. Thermal stability of crystal was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis. UV absorption of crystal was determined by Shimadzu UV- 1800 spectrometer wavelength range from 400 to 4000cm-1.
Green packaging, also known as sustainable packaging, is the use of materials and manufacturing methods for the packaging of goods that has a low impact on both energy consumption and on the environment. As a new type of green packaging materials, molded pulp is widely used in packaging industry. Molded pulp products have a widely range of materials, such as wood pulp, sugarcane pulp, recycled corrugated pulp, recycled newspaper pulp etc. The mechanical properties of molded pulp material are the basis of structural optimum design of the molded pulp products. An attempt were made by this paper on the relationship between Poisson's ratio and fiber structure, molding process and thickness, uniaxial tensile test and digital image correlation method were carried on samples made from wood pulp, bamboo pulp, sugarcane pulp, white mixed pulp, black mixed pulp, recycled corrugated paper pulp, recycled newspaper pulp and corrugated base paper. The fiber structure of the different molded pulp materials was observed by scanning electron microscope. The Poisson's ratio of each sample was analyzed. The result shows the Poisson's ratio of pulp material were related to fiber structure and drying method. Pulp material dried outside mould has smaller Poisson's ratio, while the pulp material dried inside mould has larger Poisson's ratio. SEM images shows that the molded pulp material has layered phenomenon. The outer layer is dense and the inner layer is loose. The research results can provide guidance for the production, design and numerical simulation analysis of molded pulp products.
Hartaj Singh, Kapil Singh, Sachit Vardhan
Aluminium metrics based aluminium alloys have numerous applications in the field of modern technology. The aluminium alloys having three
platforms of industrial applications which are widely used in electronics goods, ground transportation such as automobile, aerospace
engineering and marine as well as military purposes. Aluminium alloys having low density, lightweight, excellent malleability and high
strength are the key potency of these alloys. At present, the aluminium alloys are the capability to full fill the current demand of the modern
industry. To enhance the mechanical properties of this aluminium alloys can be developed by reinforcing with ceramics such as SiC,
MgO, Gr and so on are used to achieve the desirable properties of the
materials. The present works investigated on Al 6061/B4C composites have been synthesized with different weight percentages of B4C (0, 1, 5,
and 15%) along with varied particulate sizes of 50, 100 and 150 μm were used. The cast composites were produced
via stir casting method and the addition of B4C particles in the base matrix has been analysis by SEM. The mechanical property such as
Vickers hardness and UTS has been studied and the values of ultimate tensile strength have been optimized using the Taguchi method
Endris Ali
This study aimed to investigate the impacts of triple-A supply chain (SC) on SC performance in Bahir Dar & Kombolcha textile Share Company, Ethiopia. The study used survey questionnaires as a data collection instrument. Statistical package for social science to purify measurement items through exploratory factor analysis & Partial least square structural equation model used to test whether SC agility, SC adaptability and SC alignment have individual and/or joint effects on SC performance. The finding indicates that SC adaptability, SC alignment and SC agility have a positive and significant effect on SC performance. The result also indicates that the joint triple-A SC had the strongest impact on SC performance.
Meng Zhou* , Steven Liaw, Quanwen Sun, and Rong He
Lithium Ion Batteries (LIBs) have paved the way for the creation of portable consumer electronics and electric vehicles. The demands for LIBs of various chemistries show no sign of slowing. Many valuable metals, like Lithium and Cobalt, are contained in batteries, located primarily on the cathode component. The burden from increasing demand of LIBs has attracted attention to reuse the valuable active materials from the cathodes. This paper reviews the recent development of reusing spent LIBs in three categories: Pretreatment, Recycling and Regeneration. Pretreatment covers discharging, dismantling of the spent LIBs and separation of the useful part from waste; Recycling focuses on the recovery of value materials, four strategies (pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, biometallurgy and electrochemical process) are discussed in details; Regeneration revives the spent electrodes, the mostly used methods are organized, including solid state synthesis, hydrothermal treatment, sol-gel and co-precipitation method. We summarize the advantages and disadvantages of each method, aim to organize the state-of-the-art technologies and provide a guideline for future development.
Alemayehu Assefa
Sound absorption behavior is an important requirement for the human life today, since noise affects the capability of day to day activities and even causes various health problems. Sound absorbent textile materials, especially non-woven composite structure of reclaimed materials have low production costs, low specific gravity and are aesthetically appealing. In this research the use of reclaimed cotton and polyester fiber for the development of sound absorptive non-woven composite materials has been explored. Three different blend ratios of reclaimed cotton and polyester fibers that is 25:75, 40:60 and50:50 have been used. The reclaimed cotton and polyester non-woven composites are characterized for their physical properties, such as thickness, areal density, bulk density, porosity and sound absorption characteristics in the frequency range of 250HZ-2000HZ. The values of sound absorption coefficient and noise reduction coefficient obtained signify that the reclaimed polyester fiber non-woven composite possess very good sound absorption behavior in the entire frequency range. Before compressed reclaimed cotton/polyester nonwoven composite of 25:75 blend ratio with high bulk density and low porosity is found to give the excellent performance when used by provided that air gap behind the reclaimed cotton/polyester non-woven composites.
RR Nigmatullin, RK Sagdiev
3D-DGI (Discrete Geometrical Invariants) method allows to reduce initial rectangle matrices N×M (N-is number of data points, M < N is number of columns) to a matrix M× P (P=13), where P – represents a set of invariants combined from of the first, second, third and the fourth moments inclusive. This “universal” platform allows to compare any random trendless sequences (TLS) with each other. The further analysis shows that one can extract only two significant parameters/criteria (free from treatment and model errors) for comparison of TLS recorded from the given set of ADCs. The experimental data set represented 15 rectangle matrices with parameters N=20000, M=150 (filtered in the region 1.1-5.0 kHz) and 15 matrices that were not subjected to the filtration procedure. The proposed algorithm given in the paper allows to select the “best” ADC&Amplifier combination from the given ones based on analysis of their TLS(s) and proposed criteria. The authors think that the algorithm can find a wide application in the industrial electronics based on the simplicity, reproducibility and reliability of the proposed procedure.
Bommanna K, Radha H R
This paper reports a first time use of combination of ultrasonication and twin screw extrusion for dispersing Montmorillonite (MMT) nanoclay in vinylester resin matrix. Two sets of specimens of MMT/vinylester, namely, Type-1 using ultrasonication and Type-2 using combination of ultrasonication and twin screw extrusion were processed for comparative studies. XRD studies showed superior exfoliation of MMT in vinylester in Type-2 specimens compared to that of Type -1. DSC and TGA studies showed superior glass transition temperature and lower thermal degradation for Type-2. Based on these results, 4 wt % MMT/ vinylester / carbon and 4 wt % MMT / vinylester / glass specimens were fabricated using the combination of ultrasonication and screw extrusion. The addition of 4 wt % MMT to vinylester/carbon increased UTS by, flexural strength, interlaminar shear strength and impact strength and fire retardation behaviour. The fractured specimens were studied using SEM.
Paramkusham Samved
Basalt fiber is artificial fiber which is made from basalt rock which is similar to glass fiber and carbon fiber. Basalt originates from volcanic eruptions after they get solidified. Basalt mainly consists of olivine, clino-pyroxene, plagioclase and opaque metal oxides. Raw materials are found easily and it has very easy manufacturing process. It has better physiomechanical properties and cheaper. This fiber has high hardness and good thermal properties. It has high stiffness and strength than glass fiber. These have many field applications and can replace many costly materials. These fibers have high potential to solve problems in cement and concrete industries. This project deal with fabricating of the component using basalt fiber and epoxy resin LY556 and hardener HY951 to the shape of component.
Henery Harrius*, Anderia K and Natalia G
DOI: 10.37421/2169-0022.2022.11.622
Madhina Wilson* and Elsa Martin
DOI: 10.37421/2169-0022.2022.11.623
Anne Williams*, Rebbica T and Mosses R
DOI: 10.37421/ 2169-0022.2022.11.621
Rania M Salem, Chang Zhang , Laisheng Chou
Up-regulation of odontogenic differentiation and dentin formation in dental pulp are key factors in vital pulp therapy. In previous work, magnesium chloride (MgCl2 ) has been contemplated for its potentiality of enhancing cell attachment, proliferation rate and expression of dentin matrix proteins of normal human dental pulp cells (HDPCs). However, the mechanism by which MgCl2 stimulates p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK)/bone morphogenic protein (BMP-2)/SMADS signaling pathways in dental repair remains rather obscure. This study was designed to study and compare the stimulatory effect of different concentrations of MgCl2 on expression of BMP-2, SMADs 1/5/9, phosphorylated p38 (p-p38), and non-phosphorylated p38 MAPK in signal transduction pathways of HDPCs. HDPCs were cultured with 0.5 mm, 1 mm, 2 mm, 4m m, 8mm concentrations of supplemental MgCl2 , 0 mm as the negative control group. Statistical analysis using Multi-Way Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) with Wilks’ lambda test. Results showed that 0.5, 1 mm, and 2mm supplemental MgCl2 concentrations elicited the highest up regulatory effect on expression of BMP-2, phosphorylated SMADs 1/5/9, p-p38 compared to the negative control all time points (P<0.0001). However, 4 mm and 8 mm supplemental MgCl2 concentrations downregulated BMP-2, phosphorylated SMADs 1/5/9, p-p38 expression at all-time intervals (P<0.0001). This is the first study to report that MgCl2 at the optimal concentrations of 0.5 mm-2 mm might stimulate the differentiation of HDPCs via p38 mitogenactivated protein kinase (p38MAPK)/bone morphogenic protein (BMP-2)/SMADS signaling pathways.
Shubhangi Chaudhari* and Shivkumar Shrikrushna Chaudhari
DOI: 10.37421/2169-0022.2023.12.630
Automobile safety is the study and practice of design, construction, equipment and regulation to minimize the occurrence and consequences of traffic collisions. Road traffic safety more broadly includes roadway design. Improvements in roadway and automobile designs have steadily reduced injury and death rates in all first world countries. Nevertheless, auto collisions are the leading cause of injury related deaths, an estimated total of 1.2 million in 2004 or 25% of the total from all causes. Of those killed by autos, nearly two-thirds are pedestrians. If any object suddenly comes in front of vehicle the driver might fumble and push accelerator pedal instead of brake pedal.
Rouhollah Mousavi*, ME Bahrololooma and F Deflorianc
Ni-Mo/Al composite coatings were obtained by electrodeposition from a Ni-Mo plating bath containing suspended Al particles. The factors including temperature, current density, and stirring rate affecting coating composition, wear, roughness and morphology have been studied. It was found that properties like as hardness, roughness, wear and the deposited Al particle content of coatings show parabolic behavior by changing each parameter. It means that there is a critical value for mentioned parameters in which properties of coatings become maximum.
Melese Shiferaw*, Asmamaw Tegegne and Assefa Asmare
DOI: 10.37421/2169-0022.2024.13.695
Currently, in Ethiopia and around the world, large amounts of ante and post-mortem waste, such as clothing waste, plastic waste, and cotton waste, contribute to air pollution. This waste is simply discarded and thrown into the environment. Studying and characterizing this waste has many advantages. This work focused on the characterization and study of the tensile and flexural strength properties of these wastes for lightweight automotive body applications such as hoods. For the experiment, the specimen was fabricated using cotton fabric and garment waste reinforcing layer with a weight ratio of polyester–cotton rag-hardener (79%-19%-2%, 59%-39%-2%, 39%-59%-2%, 19%-79%-2%), and the better surface bonding obtained at 59%-39%-2% combination respectively. The reinforcing layer is arranged as a sandwiching form; Cf Cf Cf Cf (cotton fabric-cotton fabric-cotton fabric-cotton fabric), Cf Gw CfGw, CfGwGwCf, GwGwGwGw, and GwCfCfGw. From those sandwiching forms, CfGwGwCf has shown a better surface finish and maxing structure. The test results indicated the newly formed composite material has the best properties. The maximum tensile strength of 115.918 MPa was obtained on the CfGwGwCf combination and the minimum value of 64.894 MPa was obtained in Cf Cf Cf Cf lamination. Also, the maximum and minimum flexural strength of 107.95 MPa and 52.71 MPa were obtained on Chopped and Cf Cf Cf Cf lamination of the reinforcing respectively. Finally, as indicated in the result that it will apply to many structural applications like car hoods with additional studies.
Gokula Krishnan M, Gowtham S* and Padmalatha D
DOI: 10.37421/2169-0022.2025.14.696
Disposable diapers produce an incredible amount of environmental waste. In the United States, 4 million tonnes are disposed every year, 80% of which buried in landfills (EPA, United States). In Australia an estimate of 3.75 million of disposable diapers are used every day that highly contributes to waste production. Our project investigated the potential use of blended hemp and kenaf fibres in the development of baby cloth diapers. Why blended hemp and kenaf fibres? Because both Hemp and Kenaf are good absorbent then cotton. We developed cloth diapers inserts by blended hemp and kenaf. Why cloth diapers? There is a reason disposable diapers clog landfills in every country, but by using cloth diapers we can reduce the Medi waste. It is a sensitive matter that must be properly investigated now. Bamboo, hemp, cotton, and flax among other natural fibre species, would be employed as mixes in these smart textiles. Because these things would be more ecologically friendly, their value would increase. Biodegradable fibres made from them are attractive as a potential solution to throwaway issues. In a world with finite resources and numerous environmental consequences, it is clear that sustainable lifestyles and industrial styles are becoming increasingly crucial. With these issues in mind, we develop the cloth baby diaper that is not harmful to both environment and newborns. This diaper that can washable at procter and gamble, safety assurance is a vital aspect of the diaper development process, with the purpose of ensuring the safety of both carers and newborns.
B. Ravindrana*, GK Kavi and J Balaji
DOI: 10.37421/2169-0022.2025.25.695
Lanthanum nanoparticles have excellent photocatalytic, optical, physiochemical and biological properties and their applications are in modern society. Lanthanum nanoparticles were synthesized using a new and simple co-precipitation process. The structural and optical properties and the morphology of the produced nanocomposite were examined using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) patterns, which confirm the development of hexagonal La2O3 nanoparticles with a structure. The presence of a LaO spectrum range of 4000 cm-1 to 400 cm-1 verifies the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) shows spherical-shaped particles in the 200 nm nano sized range. The optical characteristics of La2O3 nanoparticles were studied using UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The band gap value was determined to be 3.8 eV because, because of the metals, they can particularly target cancerous cells. Nanoparticles are increasing human exposure, particularly in medical applications and are currently being researched for their possible antibacterial and anticancer characteristics. The cytotoxicity of La2O3 was investigated using human cervical cancer cells (HeLa). The study also highlighted the potential use of La2O3 nanoparticles in cancer treatment due to their specific toxicity to cancer cells. Lanthanum has an IC50 value of 149.22 μg/ml for anticancer activity against the HeLa cell line.
Journal of Material Sciences & Engineering received 3677 citations as per Google Scholar report
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