Muhammad Irfan Mughal
Agricultural practices have fed humans for tens of thousands of years and various crops have been cultivated but the ever increasing world population demands more crop yields. Precision agriculture has given a new meaning to cultivating crops and livestock in farming. Site-specific crop management is a precision agriculture method, which utilizes differential management approach by monitoring and recording variability in crop fields. This approach is basically about applying the right farm input in right amount to right site at the right time. Sensors, Geo-spatial technologies and variable rate applications are the common static digital technologies employed in site-specific crop management, which are termed as traditional technologies in this work. Traditional technologies have enabled automation in crop management. In recent decades, smart technologies like artificial intelligence, internet of things and other smart technologies are greatly researched and employed in crop management for making it autonomous and intelligent. In this review, a study of traditional technologies’ existing trends and practices in site-specific crop management is conducted. Different experimental setups, trends, advantages and drawbacks of emerging smart technologies are investigated. It was observed that AI and IoT are the leading smart technologies in site-specific crop management. Furthermore, challenges in adopting smart technologies are discussed. It was concluded that emerging smart technologies rely on smart data and specific frameworks are needed for smart data collection and sharing with other stakeholders of the agro value chain for improving food production and security.
Hamid Rahim*
The motive of Vehicle to Grid (V2G) is to optimize the way we produce, transport, and use electricity by turning electric cars into virtual power plants. According to this concept, we can maintain the stability of our power system by using Vehicle to Grid implementation. V2G offers many advantages like real power and reactive power compensation, load control, filter current harmonics, etc. Wind, grid, and PV system also need batteries for storage purposes. Grid uses batteries power during peak hours and transients. Electric vehicles have a battery bank that can be used for this purpose. For V2G applications battery of the electric vehicle should be highly efficient, must be having deep cycling capability, high energy density and a longer life. A set of challenges, benefits, power-flow methods, and charging-discharging techniques are discussed in this paper. This review article briefly explains and compares the control of different topologies adopted for V2G and G2V scheme. Additionally, our research shows that Vehicle to Grid application is advantageous only if efficient battery chargingdischarging techniques are used. Index Terms—Vehicle-to-Grid(V2G); Bi-directional converter; Single-Stage Converter; Electric vehicle; DC-DC converter ;DC-AC converters; Unidirectional & Bidirectional power flow; Battery storage systems
DOI: 10.37421/2332-0796.2023.12.59
DOI: 10.37421/2332-0796.2023.12.60
It is commonly accepted that designing Single Tuned Passive Filters (STPFs) is an optimization problem. By choosing the best passive filter, this work seeks to enhance the power quality of an actual distribution system in Tala city as a part of Egyptian network. Although the distribution feeder already has a passive filter, there are still some power quality problems. By using Jelly Fish Optimization Technique (JFOT) and Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm (AOA) to improve the placement and size of the low pass harmonic filter, this paper intends to cut overall power loss and reduce the influence of total harmonic distortion. The suggested filters' cost, real power losses, Total Harmonic Distortion ("THD"), and Individual Harmonic Distortion ("IHD") are optimized using single and multi-objective functions, respectively. Inequality constraints are used to establish upper and lower limits for filter parameters, quality factor, voltage, and harmonic distortion. The power balance constraint on equality will be applied. The results indicate that an optimally designed of STPF can successfully reduce high order harmonics and enhance system performance of STPF under various operating conditions to consistently follow to the established IEEE 519 standards'.
Amel Zerigui*, Louis A Dessaint, Innocent Kamwa and Wassil Alaouni
DOI: 10.37421/2332-0796.2023.12.46
Transient Stability Constrained Optimal Power Flow (TSCOPF) is an important tool for power system planning and operation. It is a big challenge in the field of power systems because of its high complexity and extensive computation effort involved in its solution. This paper presents a new approach to compute the transient stability constraint formulated by the Critical Clearing Time (CCT) in TSC-OPF. CCT has been determined by Dual-Kriging, a space interpolation method which has primarily been used in natural resources evaluation. Given the huge dimensionality of the problem, Pareto analysis is firstly used to reduce the number of input variables in an initial database to those which are significant to compute CCT. With the reduced variables, a new database has been constructed using a design of experiment to obtain a reduced number of observed points. As a result of this approach, the sets of dynamic and transient stability constraints to be considered in the optimization process are reduced to one single stability constraint with only a few variables. Finally, the size of the resulting optimization problem is almost similar to that of a conventional OPF. In the new approach, there is no limitation for the machine model. The effectiveness of the proposed method is tested on the New England 10-machine 39-bus system by using detailed model and the larger power system 50-machine 145-bus power system.
Xiao Quan Mao and Zhi Ping Zheng
Objective: To investigate the optimal DC voltage that titanium morphology was created with micro arc oxidation. Methods: The titanium was cut into 10 mm, 10 mm, 1 mm and they were grind and polished respectively. DC voltage that treated titanium was used single variable control: 200V, 250V, 300V, 350V, 400V, 450V; treatment time: 5S; the treatment temperature was less than 40?, Electric current and other conditions were same Results: The morphology on titanium surface was multipore structure, and the pore size was different after titanium treated with micro arc oxidation. The average pore size of MAO250V, MAO300V and MAO350V groups were bigger than 1 μm, MAO200V, MAO400V and MAO450V groups were less than 1 μm, the porosity was 17.4% at MAO200V group, 37% at MAO250V, MAO300V and MAO350V groups, 25.2%, 20.7% at MAO400V and MAO450V group; thickness was from 0.63 μm at MAO200V to 6.87 μm at MAO450V group. There was significant between the groups in the pore size and thickness Conclusion: Morphology could meet the needs of clinic at 250-350V DC voltage.
H Senal Perera, J Rohan Lucas*
Generation of power from Solar PV inherently possesses a set of reliability issues. These issues are magnified with increasing penetration, and mitigation provides increased compatibility, especially for power systems with lower inertia. This paper addresses the intermittency issues. It provides and sustains a more deterministic output obtained by a quantized prediction input utilizing a demand response system. Utilization of the proposed method would allow Solar PV to be considered semi-dispatchable when connected to the grid. It would add virtual inertia, as well as improving the ability to safely operate in stand-alone mode. An algorithm is incorporated as an alert system in a ‘worst case scenario’ as a safety measure in the rare case of not being able to meet commitment. The financial impact due to the addition of the device has been evaluated and the levelized cost of generation is shown to be 16.5 LKR/kWh. For rooftop solar, the cost- benefit ratio is shown to be above 1.3 after implementation. A battery sized at 2.7% of rated daily energy (1.5 Ah for a system operating at 450 V) is shown to be sufficient for a PV system generating a daily peak energy of 25 kWh to effectively convert Solar PV into a semi-dispatchable source. This allows special benefits from the utility service provider, which increases the feasibility of the incorporation.
Muhammad Imran Akbar, Madiha Chaudhary and Rida Rasheed
The ever increasing demand for electricity and the shortcomings of finite sources is making the world to move towards renewable energy sources. In this report, the detailed analysis of the system comprising of single phase photovoltaic grid-tie inverter with net metering is deliberated. To inject solar generated waveform into the grid, one has to synchronize both waveforms of solar output and utility grid. The electronic device which synchronizes two waveforms of different power resources is called grid-tie inverter. Net meter senses the current from both sides i.e. from grid and inverter and gives a display of either the power is drawn from the grid or it is injected into the grid. The whole circuit was simulated at first then it was successfully implemented as a prototype.
DOI: 10.37421/2332-0796.2023.12.57
DOI: 10.37421/2332-0796.2023.12.58
Michel Hecquet*, G. Despret, T. J. Dos Santos Moraes, H. Zahr, J. Korecki and B. Mohamodhosen
DOI: 10.37421/2332-0796.2023.12.46
This paper studies the electromagnetic noise behaviour of a 5 phase interior permanent magnet machine with fractional slot concentrated winding designed. A numerical model is used for analysing the torque characteristics and electromagnetic forces. The vibroacoustics and mechanical resonance of the model are then investigated analytically. The purpose of both analyses is to identify the source of electromagnetic noise within the machine. A sonogram is also carried out on the existing prototype to correlate it with the numerical results. Finally, the choice of the appropriate method to attenuate noise for this case study is elaborated.
DOI: 10.37421/2332-0796.2023.12.48
The electric grid is the largest and most complex machine ever built. It's an amazing feat of engineering providing reliable, safe and on-demand power. This grid is built on 20th century technology with large, centralized generation, mostly fossil fuel-based and only a few points of control. There’s an urgent call to transition off of fossil fuels in order to prevent the worst effects of climate change. Clean power generation like wind, solar and hydro play vital role in facing the mentioned challenge. This hardware is not on its own enough to replace fossil fuels while maintaining our current standard of on-demand and reliable power.
Hamid Asghari* and Farzad Javanmardi
DOI: 10.37421/2332-0796.2023.12.47
The purpose of the present study is to introduce a new controller for wind turbines aiming at improving the quantity and quality of productivity power. The energy market is a competitive market in which producing electricity in wind power plants provides users with novel advantages than its production in fossil fuel power plants. Among the advantages of wind power plants is that during their lifespan, they produce fuel without any cost. Although the cost of other sources of energy production increases within years. Using wind power to produce electricity, especially multi-megawatt capacities, is the only economical method than other production methods based on recyclable energies (solar, biomass, geothermal, waves and fuel cell). It is necessary to mention that an increasing proportion of recyclable energies in the production of electrical power is among the midterm and long term strategic policies of many countries. Wind power has increased and due to various reasons attracted the public’s attention apart from its new competitive costs. Wind turbines can produce real energy and megawatt which are useful in the enhancement of transportation performance and confirmation of useful voltage. The nature of what is distributed through wind makes generators closer to consuming centers and removes losses of energy transportation.
Juan Martinez
In today's interconnected digital landscape, security vulnerabilities pose significant risks to critical systems and infrastructure. Addressing these vulnerabilities requires sophisticated tools and methodologies for fault analysis. ASCON AOP-SystemC Environment emerges as a promising solution by integrating Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP) principles with SystemC, a widely-used system-level modeling framework. This article delves into the intricacies of ASCON AOP-SystemC Environment, shedding light on its architecture, capabilities, and applications in security fault analysis.
Natalia Ivanova
Quasi-Z-Source Inverters (qZSIs) have gained significant attention in recent years due to their unique features such as enhanced buck-boost capability, reduced voltage stress, and improved reliability. However, to further exploit the potential of qZSIs, novel Space-Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) schemes have been proposed. This article explores these innovative SVPWM schemes designed to enhance efficiency and achieve decoupled control in qZSIs [1]. Quasi-Z-Source Inverters (qZSIs) have emerged as promising alternatives to traditional voltage source inverters (VSIs) and current source inverters (CSIs) due to their ability to handle wide voltage ranges and improved reliability. The integration of Space-Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) with qZSIs offers opportunities for enhanced efficiency and decoupled control, addressing challenges in conventional modulation techniques.
Isolde Dune
Gas sensing technologies are crucial for a wide array of applications ranging from environmental monitoring to industrial safety. Among these, Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy (WMS) stands out for its high sensitivity and selectivity. However, achieving optimal Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) in WMS-based gas sensors is a critical challenge. In this article, we explore the application of Genetic Algorithms (GAs) for time-efficient SNR optimization in WMS-based gas sensors. We delve into the principles of WMS, discuss the significance of SNR optimization, elucidate the fundamentals of genetic algorithms, and present a comprehensive framework for SNR optimization. Through this approach, we aim to enhance the performance and efficacy of gas sensing systems for diverse real-world applications.
Javier Hernandez
Micro-hydropower systems offer a promising avenue for off-grid electrification, particularly in remote areas where access to traditional grid infrastructure is limited. Among the various micro-hydropower configurations, the Permanent Magnet Alternator Transistor Self-excited Induction Generator (PAT-SEIG) system stands out for its simplicity and effectiveness. This article delves into the energy efficiency and stability aspects of PAT-SEIG systems, focusing on their application in DC off-grid setups. By examining key design considerations, control strategies, and technological advancements, we explore how to enhance the performance and reliability of these systems for sustainable energy provision in remote regions.
Ella Mitchell
The field of astronomy has made tremendous strides in recent decades, thanks in large part to advancements in technology. One area that has seen significant development is cryogenic systems used in astronomical research. Cryogenic systems play a crucial role in enabling astronomers to study the universe with greater precision and sensitivity than ever before. In this article, we will explore the latest advancements in cryogenic systems for astronomical research, including their applications, benefits, and future prospects. Cryogenics is the branch of physics that deals with the production and behavior of materials at extremely low temperatures. In astronomical research, cryogenic systems are essential for cooling and maintaining sensitive instruments such as telescopes, detectors, and spectrometers. By operating at cryogenic temperatures, these instruments can achieve higher levels of sensitivity and reduce unwanted noise, allowing astronomers to capture faint signals from distant celestial objects.
Johan Svensson
In the realm of architectural and interior design, the choice between daylighting and electric lighting is not merely about illumination but also significantly impacts human emotions and well-being. Daylighting, derived from natural sunlight, and electric lighting, generated through artificial sources, evoke contrasting affective responses in individuals. This article delves into the psychological and physiological impacts of both lighting types, exploring their effects on mood, productivity, health, and overall satisfaction [1]. Lighting is not just about visibility; it profoundly influences our emotions, perceptions, and well-being. In the realm of architectural and interior design, the choice between daylighting and electric lighting holds significant implications for human experiences within built environments. Daylighting, derived from natural sunlight, and electric lighting, generated through artificial sources, evoke contrasting affective responses that shape how we feel, behave, and interact with our surroundings.
Aisha Patel
E-Government services have become integral to modern governance, offering citizens convenient access to various public services online. However, the success of these services depends significantly on how users perceive and accept them. This paper explores the elements influencing users' views and acceptance of e-government services. Through an extensive review of literature and case studies, this study identifies key factors such as usability, security, trust, digital literacy, cultural factors, and government responsiveness. Understanding these elements is crucial for policymakers and service providers to design, implement, and enhance e-government services effectively. By addressing these factors, governments can improve user satisfaction, promote digital inclusion, and achieve broader societal benefits.
Luca Rossi
This article delves into the promising realm of Two-Dimensional Tungsten Diselenide (2D-WSe2) Field-Effect Transistors (FETs), particularly focusing on the utilization of Multi-Layer Palladium Diselenide (ML-PdSe2) as a contact material. The investigation explores the significance, challenges, and advancements in this field, encompassing the properties of 2D-WSe2, the role of contact materials in FET performance, and the potential of ML-PdSe2. Through an extensive literature review and critical analysis, this article aims to elucidate the current state-of-the-art, highlight key findings, and provide insights into future directions for research and development in 2D-WSe2 FETs employing ML-PdSe2 contacts.
Isabella Santos
The imaging of thick frozen biological samples at nanometer resolution remains a significant challenge in the field of electron microscopy. Conventional techniques often suffer from limitations such as radiation damage and poor contrast in these samples. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the development of novel instruments capable of overcoming these challenges. This article discusses the advancements towards the construction of a novel MeV-STEM (Mega-electron volt Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy) system for imaging thick frozen biological samples with nanometer resolution. By leveraging the unique properties of high-energy electrons, such as reduced radiation damage and increased penetration depth, this system holds great promise for revolutionizing our understanding of biological structures at the nanoscale.
Jamal Abdulaziz
Additive Manufacturing (AM) techniques, such as Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF), offer unique advantages in producing complex geometries with intricate internal structures. However, LPBF often yields parts with inherent porosity, which can compromise mechanical properties. To enhance the performance of such parts, post-processing techniques like resin infiltration have been explored. This article investigates the effects of epoxy resin infiltration on the structural integrity and mechanical properties of porous metal parts fabricated through LPBF. Through a comprehensive review of existing literature and experimental findings, this article sheds light on the optimization strategies and challenges associated with resin infiltration, ultimately aiming to contribute to the advancement of AM technologies.
Journal of Electrical & Electronic Systems received 733 citations as per Google Scholar report
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