DOI: 10.37421/ 2165-7831.2022.12.011
DOI: 0.37421/ 2165-7831.2022.12. e002
DOI: DOI: 10.37421/ 2165-7831.2022.12.008
DOI: DOI: 10.37421/ 2165-7831.2022.12.009
DOI: DOI: 10.37421/ 2165-7831.2022.12.010
DOI: 10.37421/ 2165-7831.2022.12.279
DOI: 10.37421/ 2165-7831.2022.12. 276
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DOI: 10.37421/ 2165-7831.2022.12.e148
DOI: 10.37421/ 2165-7831.2022.12. 275
Awj Farooqi*
DOI: DOI: 10.37421/ 2165-7831.2022.12.294
DOI: 10.37421/ 2165-7831.2022.12.293
DOI: 10.37421/2165-7831.2022.12.291
DOI: 10.37421/ 2165-7831.2022.12.295
Dengue is one of the most commonly encountered infectious diseases in tropical countries. The features overlap with other causes of Acute Febrile Illness, and a rapid diagnosis is required in most centers. The usual modalities of diagnosis are serological based, where NS1 antigen, IgM, or IgG antibodies are assayed. Fast card-based kits are available but are less reliable than their (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) ELISA-based counterparts. There has been a recent automation boom in all healthcare facilities sectors. Automated hematological analyzers are an integral part of it, providing much additional information other than blood counts. Among these research parameters are HFLC (High Fluorescence Lymphocyte Count) and CPD (Cell Population Data) provided by the Sysmex XN series. These have taken the interest of pathologists, and some research articles are available that analyze these parameters' utility in the expeditious diagnosis of dengue. Studies show that HFLC is increased in AFI and correlates with dengue. Some studies have drawn Receiver Operating Curves (ROC) for determining cut-off values to differentiate dengue from other AFI. Jayaram et al. calculated a cut-off of 1.35% with 82.8% sensitivity and 87% specificity. Chabbra et al. computed a cut-off of 1.75% with 52% sensitivity and 90% specificity, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 72%, and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 80%. They also did a regression analysis on CPD and found that LY-X, LY-Z, LY-WX, LY-WZ, and MO-X were independent predictors of dengue fever. Ningombam et al. had different cut-off values for NS-1 antigen-positive only, IgM antibody-positive and dual-positive dengue patients, of 5.2%, 3.2%, and 2.6%, respectively. These studies show promising results and can help manage dengue patients, especially in resource-constrained settings in endemic zones, leading to better managing of dengue patients.
Musluh Hakseven*, Özhan Çetindağ, Gökhan Avşar, R?za Deryol, Cem Azılı, Gözde Sırgancı, Serdar Culcu, Serkan Akbulut and Ali Ekrem Ünal
DOI: 10.37421/2165-7831.2022.12.012
Introduction: Gastric Cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers that can result in death. Markers are needed to detect gastric cancer early and manage treatment. We aimed to reveal the relationship between Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) level and Fibrinogen-Albumin Ratio (FAR) and prognosis in gastric cancer, as well as to examine the relationship of these values with the number of metastatic lymph nodes and TNM stage.
Materials and methods: The data of 805 consecutive gastrectomy patients were analyzed retrospectively. A total of 461 patients were included. The optimal cut- off values of CEA and FAR were 2.43 ng/mL and 1.26, respectively. Patients were stratified into three groups based on this cutoff value: CEA-FAR=0 (CEA<2.43 ng/mL and FAR<1.26), CEA-FAR=1 (CEA ≥ 2.43 ng/mL or FAR ≥ 1.26), and CEA-FAR=2 (CEA ≥ 2.43 ng/mL and FAR ≥ 00201.26).
Results: There was a significant relationship between high CEA and stage (p=0.040), N status (p=0.017), and lymph node metastasis (p=0.004), and also there was a significant correlation between high FAR value and grade (p=0.003), stage (p<0.001), T status (p<0.001), N status (p<0.001) and metastatic lymph node count (p<0.001). Overall and disease-free survival were significantly different between the three CEA-FAR groups.
Conclusion: We believe that pre-operative FAR and CEA values are independent predictors of survival. FAR and CEA are potential prognostic indicators for resectable gastric cancer due to their easy access and low cost. Considering survival and prognosis in patients with very high preoperative CEA and FAR values, neoadjuvant chemotherapy should also be considered.
DOI: 10.37421/2165-7831.2022.12.013
DOI: 10.37421/2165-7831.2022.12.014
DOI: 10.37421/ 2165-7831.2022.12.015
Najmeh Parhizgari, Farhad Rezaei, Mohammad-Reza Khatami, Sayed Mahdi Marashi, Mohammad Farahmand, Farzane Behnezhad, Monireh Derakhshani, Fatemeh Ajami-Nezhad and Talat Mokhtari-Azad*
DOI: 10.37421/2165-7831.2022.12.016
Background: In spite of antiviral prophylaxis regimens, Cytomegalovirus (CMV) remains a major reason for morbidity and allograft failure in kidney transplant recipients. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of early or late onset of CMV viremia in kidney transplant recipients and evaluate the correlation of laboratory findings and graft origin with CMV viremia.
Methods: In this prospective case-control study, 192 kidney recipients were evaluated for the timing and potential risk factors based on detectable CMV viremia (≥200 copies/ml) and all-correlates were assessed using multivariate logistic regression models.
Results: 153 participants from examined patients were eligible to enter the study. The risk of CMV viremia with viral loads ≥200 copies/ml was receiving a graft from a deceased donor. Importantly, CMV viremia mostly occurred 4 months after transplantation, while the patients were expected to be on CMV prophylaxis.
Conclusions: Receiving a renal graft from a deceased donor significantly raises the incidence of viremia in renal transplant patients. The median month of CMV viremia occurrence was month 4th after transplantation. Serum testing showed a significant increase in creatinine and a decrease in platelets in the CMV positive group compared to the control group. Our results indicated that the viremia has not affected the survival of the allograft or patient.
Tatsuya Masuda, Tomoo Daifu, Masamitsu Mikami, Hiroshi Sugiyama* and Yasuhiko Kamikubo*
DOI: 10.37421/2165-7831.2023.13.296
Malignant Rhabdoid Tumor (MRT) is a quite rare malignant pediatric disease that occurs primarily in infants and young children. Although most patients with MRT are treated with the intensive multimodal treatment, the results are unsatisfied and there is no established standard of care for MRT. Therefore, there is a great need for more effective treatment(s) for MRT. Recently, we have demonstrated that RUNX1 silencing and “CROX (Cluster Regulation of RUNX)” strategy using our novel RUNX inhibitor (Chb-M') strongly reduce MRT cell proliferation rate via the augmentation of p53-mediated apoptotic pathway in vitro and in vivo. In this mini-review, we describe the molecular characteristics of our RUNX inhibitor, DNA-alkylating Pyrrole-Imidazole (PI) polyamides, and its anti-tumor effects on a variety of cancers including MRT. Finally, we discuss the precise molecular mechanisms behind p53-mediated apoptosis induced by RUNX inhibition in MRT cells.
DOI: 10.37421/ 2165-7831.2023.13.298
Despite having a basic grasp of laser wavelengths and dose ranges, there was no consensus on whether continuous mode or pulsing mode should be used, which is more dependable, and what determinants should be used to support the parameters of a pulsating laser. The molecular and cellular mechanisms of cold laser treatment have been investigated. The many types of pulsed lasers available have been described as the factors that influence the creation of their pulses. Investigations that were dissolved by continuous and/or pulsed laser modes were evaluated in vivo and in vitro. The laser therapy pulse repetition rates were matched. Several notable confirmations have shown that pulse mode has different effects on wound healing and damaged tissue than continuous mode. To completely assess the performance of cold laser treatment in cutaneous wounds healing, measurable clinical research that associates cellular effects in addition to biological processes is required. More research is needed to confirm these findings for a variety of wound types and treatments in a variety of settings, including pulsating mode structures. Future research should concentrate on well-controlled studies that rationally determine laser types and therapy parameters.
Seema Gupta* and Arunima Ghosh
DOI: 10.37421/ 2165-7831.2023.13.297
DOI: 10.37421/ 2165-7831.2023.13.295
DOI: 10.37421/2165-7831.2023.13.299
Background: Age-related differences in Multiple Myeloma (MM) are studied in clinical and genomic context, however, transcriptome changes have not yet been determined. The aim of this study is to identify the genes that are expressed differently in young and old patient groups and to examine the relationship of these genes with biological pathways and the drugs that can be used.
Methods: The MMRF CoMMpass cohort RNA-Seq data (n=634) was used to analyze differentially expressed genes between young and old patients. GO term and KEGG gene-set enrichment analysis were conducted using R packages. Drug-gene interactions were detected using DGIdb.
Results: Globally, 523 genes (366 upregulated, 157 downregulated) were differentially expressed (p<0.05) in young patients. Totally 220 GO terms, mostly related to immune regulation pathways were enriched. “Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction” gene-set was enriched in KEGG GSEA. Among the highest expression difference, genes involved in immune regulation (FCGR1A, FCER1G, TLR2), known proto-oncogenic genes (BCL2, FGR) and genes under investigation for association with various cancers (RGL4, MT-RNR1, ETS2, ENPP3, FUT7, NTNG2, PRAM1) were identified. Drugs associated with the pathways affected by these genes were identified.
Conclusion: Further investigation of differentially expressed genes in young patients may shed light on new treatment options.
Justin Marley* and Nisha Marley
DOI: 10.37421/ 2165-7831.2023.13.300
The COVID-19 pandemic has claimed over 1 million lives globally and results from the SARS-CoV-2 virus. COVID-19 is associated with a coagulopathy. In this mixed-methods PRISMA-compliant scoping review, we set out to determine if ARDS, sepsis and DIC could account for the coagulopathy and if there were any other features of the coagulopathy we could determine so as to inform future research. Methods: We used a search strategy to identify papers with clinically relevant thromboembolic events in COVID-19. We then developed a technique referred to as an Abridged Thematic Analysis (ATA) to quickly identify themes in the papers so as to increase the yield of clinically relevant information. We further developed Validated Abridged Thematic Analysis (VATA) to validate the resulting taxonomy of themes. Finally we developed a number of methods that can be used by other researchers to take forwards this work. Results: We identified 56 studies with 10,523 patients, 456 patients with COVID-19 and Thromboembolic Events (TBE’s) and 586 thrombembolic events. There was an average of 1.3 TBE’s per patient. There were five main arterial territories with corresponding clinical sequelae: Acute limb ischaemia, myocardial infarcts, strokes, mesenteric ischaemia and pulmonary embolism. We also identified DVT’s. There were two further groups: medical-device-related coagulopathy and dermal lesions. In a subgroup of 119 patients we found mortality ranged from 26% in DVT to 79% in acute limb ischaemia although there was evidence of selection bias in the latter group. All patients were hospitalised and the average age of survivors was 63 versus 73 for those who died. 91/150 patients with TE’s had fever. From the ATA, we identified 16 characteristics of the clotting pathology in COVID-19. From the VATA, we identified 34 mechanisms leading to coagulopathy and grouped them according to Virchow’s triad of vascular damage, stasis and hypercoagulability. Coagulopathy occurred with and without each of ARDS, Sepsis and DIC. We conclude that COVID-19 leads to the syndrome of a viral clotting fever in a subgroup of patients and that the presentation of coagulopathy and fever should raise the possibility of COVID-19 as a differential. We make recommendations for future research studies.
Lai Weng Soon*, Stefanie Hung Kar Yan, Ahmad Muhsin Mohammad Nor and Tee Sow Kuan
DOI: 10.37421/2165-7831.2023.13.301
COVID-19 pneumonia had been a global pandemic with major mortality and morbidity globally. It is associated with venous thromboembolism, especially in the population that requires admission, oxygen support, or ventilator support. Arterial thrombosis remains rare complication for this disease, more-so with multi-organ arterial thrombosis. We report a case of spinal cord and small bowel infarction in a COVID-19 patient.
DOI: 10.37421/ 2165-7831.2023.13.302
Srimanta Chandra Misra*, Gaetano Lucania, Valentina Guarino and Alberto Santagostino
DOI: 10.37421/ 2165-7831.2023.13.303
Peripheral T-Cell Lymphomas (PTCL) are an uncommon and heterogeneous group of disorders arising from the innate and adaptive immune system. This review deals with the basis and major revisions to the current PTCL classification. Each entity in the 2016 classification has been reviewed on the basis of cell origin, genetic landscape and recent therapeutic options. The objective of this study was to conduct a review of the normal immune system, signalling pathways and tumor microenvironment in order to understand the heterogeneity of certain entities as well as to uncover the potential therapeutics. A brief evaluation of a normal immune system, implication of the JAK-STAT pathway and tumor microenvironment was performed to explain the heterogeneity of PTCL. Attempts were also made to optimize current standard and personalized management approaches. Fulfilling the current unmet needs in PTCL require optimization of the intensity and number of courses of chemotherapy in first-line treatment, choosing the right strategy of intensification such as ASCT versus improved HSCT and lastly, tailoring the salvage treatment within the currently available options including HSCT, chemo-immunotherapy and targeted therapy. Further knowledge would pave a better future to better manage PTCL.
DOI: 10.37421/ 2165-7831.2023.13.304
Regular exercise helps to combat multifarious diseases by improving overall health of the individual. A recent study has proven that regular exercise can reduce the serious illness associated with COVID-19. Circulating miRNAs released from the muscles during strenuous exercise has also been found to have antiinflammatory effects. So, it was hypothesized that regular exercise might be releasing therapeutic miRNAs in the blood that might be reducing the immunological chaos in COVID-19 patients. Using network and systems biology approach, mRNA targets of 3 upregulated exomiRs (hsa-miR-486-5 p, hsa-miR-215-5 p, hsa- miR-941) in the blood of regularly exercising adults were mapped in the blood of COVID-19 patients. hsa-miR-215-5 p, hsa-miR-486-5 p and hsa-miR-941 were found to target 8, 93 and 99 upregulated mRNAs respectively. Functional enrichment analysis showed that hsa-miR-486-5 p might be preventing thrombosis and aggravated inflammation in regularly exercising COVID-19 patients. Thus, hsa-miR-486-5 p can be considered to have therapeutic roles against immunological damage caused by COVID-19.
DOI: 10.37421/ 2165-7831.2023.13.309
Maureen Via M Comia*, Charles Eryll S Sy and Jomell C Julian
DOI: 10.37421/2165-7831.2023.13.305
Reasoning: Movement of Persistent Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) to further developed stages can include hypermethylation, which is connected to opposition or prejudice to imatinib. This hypermethylation has likewise been viewed as a negative prognostic component free of imatinib reaction and from CML stage, consequently decitabine, a hypomethylating specialist, can be an appealing treatment choice for cutting edge stage CML.
Objective: This foundational survey and meta-examination expects to research the job of low-portion decitabine among patients with cutting edge stage CML. Technique: This was performed by the articulation of Favored Announcing Things for Orderly Surveys and Meta-Examinations (PRISMA).
Results: Four (4) studies from 86 articles screened were qualified to be evaluated in this fundamental audit and meta-investigation. These were stage I/II preliminaries including 81 high level stage CML patients and utilized low-portion decitabine (5 to 20 mg/m2), with two examinations utilizing tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
Results of hematologic and cytogenetic reaction, and endurance were evaluated in the meta-examination; with hematologic reaction being leaned toward among cutting edge stage CML patients upon openness with low-portion decitabine (p=0.05). Endurance was likewise preferred among responders to low-portion decitabine, but this was not huge.
Conversation and end: Low-portion decitabine can be a compelling and safe therapy choice in cutting edge stage CML, particularly in additional fragile patients that couldn't endure more escalated chemotherapy regimens.
Notwithstanding, this study is restricted by couple of studies accessible on this point, subsequently further randomized controlled preliminaries can be explored to characterize the job of decitabine and its ideal portion among this subset of patients
DOI: 10.37421/2165-7831.2023.13.306
Ahmet Sencer Ergin*, Rıza Deryol, Ezgi Altinsoy and Salim Demirci
DOI: 10.37421/ 2165-7831.2023.13.307
Background: The Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI), a valuable parameter for predicting short-term and long-term postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing cancer surgery, is calculated based on serum albumin concentration and peripheral blood lymphocyte count. However, few studies have investigated the clinical significance of PNI in the surgical treatment of colorectal cancer. Therefore, we aimed to examine the relationship between PNI and short-term outcomes in patients with colorectal cancer.
Methods: This retrospective study included 328 patients who underwent surgery for colorectal cancer. The prognostic nutritional status was calculated based on admission data as follows: 10* serum albumin (g/dl)+0.005* total lymphocyte count (per mm3). Then we evaluated the relationship between PNI value and postoperative complications in colorectal cancer patients.
Results: Patients with low PNI (<35.3) had a significantly higher rate of postoperative complications (p<0.05) than those with a high PNI (≥35.3). In Univariate analysis low PNI (p=0.015), open surgical approach (p=0.010), tumor location (p=0.008), N stage ≥ 2 (p=0.037), serum albumin concentration (p=0.015) and CEA level ≥ 5 (p=0.017) were significantly associated with high complications rate. However, in multivariate analyses, low preoperative PNI was not identified as an independent factor for postoperative complications.
Conclusion: Preoperative PNI is a valuable marker for postoperative complications in patients with colorectal cancer.
Tahsin Ahmed Rupok*, Sunandan Dey, Shahnaz Parvin Sweety and Bayezid Bostami
DOI: 10.37421/2165-7831.2023.13.308
Background: Personality trait is a complex trait of an individual, which has been hypothesized to have link with diseases. It is believed that understanding personality traits of an individual can assist to prevent the diseases. Therefore, scientists are trying to explore potential factors that can predict the personality traits of an individual. Blood groups could be a potential predictor because some researchers have found a linkage between ABO genes and genes related to the development of personality traits in someone. Few studies have already found a significant relationship between blood groups and personality traits. However, there is still a paucity of researches to reach out a conclusion on this topic. Our study is another attempt to find out the possible relationship between blood groups and personality traits.
Method: The present study was a cross-sectional study which used a 50 items big-five factor personality inventory developed by Goldberg for data collection. A total of 148 participants responded to the study among them 85 participants were males and 65 were females. A two way multivariate analysis (MANOVA) was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 26.
Result: MANOVA results revealed neither the significant main effect of blood groups [F (15,414)=1.102, p>0.05] nor had the significant interaction effect of blood groups and gender [F (15,414)=1.111, p>0.05] on the combined dependent variables. However, this study found a significant main effect of gender on the combined dependent variables [F (5,136)=4.520, p=0.001, (1-β)=0.967, η2=0.143].
Conclusion: The present study did not support the idea that there is significant relationship between blood groups and personality traits. But, the idea that male personality significantly differs from female personality was well-supported by this study.
Qiang Pu, Lin Wang, Guojun Kang, Changbao Liu, Changfeng Yang, Jia Luo* and Yongfu Huang*
DOI: 10.37421/ 2165-7831.2022.12.287
Circulating exosomal miRNAs released into all body fluids have incredible functionality and stability. Their expression is associated with multiple pathological conditions, can be used as informative biomarkers when assessing and monitoring the body’s physiopathological status. However, there is no consensus on reference miRNAs for circulating exosomal reference and abundance normalization. The present study aimed to quantify 16 potential reference miRNAs in ten porcine body fluids using qRT-PCR. Further, their stability was quantified by combining multiple gold-standard statistical tools, including BestKeeper, GeNorm, and NormFinder. The identified miRNAs were comprehensively ranked. The top-ranked miRNA was recommended as the optimal reference miRNAs for data normalization. To identify more stable genes, the body fluids were assigned into three groups based on the collection point, they are in vivo (bile, bladder fluid, and gastric juice), in vitro (colostrum, ordinary milk, semen, and urine) and in the blood (UVBP, UABP and PBS). The most stable optimal circulating exosomal reference miRNAs in the body fluids were let-7b-5p (miR-93) in bile, miR-92a in bladder fluid, miR-93 in gastric juice, let-7b-5p in colostrum, miR-92a in ordinary milk and urine, miR-25 in semen, let-7b-5p in UVBP, miR-25 in UABP and U6 in PBS. Overall, miR-93, miR-451 (miR-92a), and miR-25 are the bona fide reference miRNA for qRT-PCR data normalization of body fluids in vivo, in vitro, and blood, respectively. Across all body fluids, miR-451 was the most stable when determining the miRNA abundance in the circulating exosomes
DOI: 10.37421/ 2165-7831.2022.12.286
Srimanta Chandra Misra*, Eric W. Nacoulma, Alberto Santagostino and Valentina Guarino
DOI: 10.37421/ 2165-7831.2022.12.289
Flordeluna Z Mesina*, Jomell C Julian, Jesus Relos, Rosalio Torres, Maureen Via M Comia, June Marie P Ongkingco and Jimmy R. Lafavilla
DOI: 10.37421/2165-7831.2022.12.288
Introduction: The Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) has gripped our country with strain as well as effecting our health system. Currently, there are no standard guidelines in its treatment but the possible benefits of convalescent plasma in limiting complications and treating COVID-19 disease is being looked upon.
Objective: This study aims to determine the effectiveness and safety of using convalescent plasma in improving clinical course of hospitalized patients diagnosed with COVID-19.
Methods: This is a quasi-experimental (prospective analytical) multi-center study of 65 patients who received convalescent plasma therapy (CPT).
Results: Median age of patients who were given CPT was 60 years, were predominantly male (68%), and presented with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Median hemoglobin presented was 138 g/dl, median WBC count was 7.54 × 10 9 /L and median platelet count was 239,500 × 109/L. All inflammatory markers were increased, and both PaO2 and PFR were deranged. Statistically significant decrease in hemoglobin and LDH, and increase in platelet were seen after intervention of CPT. There was statistically significant longer length of stay among CPT recipients, and there was also noted less mortality in BAT group although this is insignificant.
Conclusion: Convalescent plasma may have shown no significant impact in the recovery rate and outcome compared to patients who have not received convalescent plasma therapy, but its administration was proven to be safe among all patients regardless of the level of severity and clinical profile.
Kenjiro Nagai*, Syo Nagai, Yuji Okubo and Keisuke Teshigawara
DOI: 10.37421/2165-7831.2022.12.290
Amplified Natural Killer Cell (ANK) therapy has been modified to enhance the safety and efficacy of original (LAK) immunotherapy. This is a method of removing Natural Killer (NK) cells from the patient's own blood, culturing and amplifying the NK cells, increasing their ability to specifically attack cancer, and returning them for treatment. It is generally effective against all cancers. Experienced a case in which ANK therapy was remarkably effective against ATL, prostate cancer, and breast cancer. Treatment of ATL is basically chemotherapy, but it is not effective and has many side effects. Chemotherapy is also the main treatment for solid cancer patients whose condition has progressed in the same way, and the elderly, renal failure, and heart failure patients cannot be treated. ANK therapy is highly effective in ATL cases and is also very effective in certain solid tumor cases. Considering the mechanism of action of ANK therapy from the accumulation of cases so far and research reports so far, it is effective for ATL with many PD positive tumor cells because it effectively kills PD-L1 positive tumor cells. Some types of solid tumors, such as lymphoma, gastric cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, and prostate cancer, have many PD-L1-positive tumor cells. By measuring PD-L1-positive tumor cells and treating those with high levels, it may be possible to provide treatments that are more effective, have fewer side effects, and are safer than existing treatments.
Rainer Seitz*, Lutz Gürtler and Wolfgang Schramm
DOI: 10.37421/2165-7831.2021.11.265
The COVID-19 pandemic so far caused millions of deaths, and the therapeutic options for high-risk patients are far from being satisfactory. Active immunization by vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein provides good protection from a severe course of COVID-19. It has been explored in numerous clinical trials, whether also passive immunization by transfusion of convalescent plasma could positively influence the course of COVID-19. Large randomized clinical trials failed to demonstrate a benefit for patients with advanced disease. However, the antibody dose and timing of transfusion might have contributed to this negative result. Randomized clinical trials are necessary to make evidence-based progress in the development of therapeutic options, and this holds true also for “natural” concepts. However, even highquality trials are just a tool to test predefined hypotheses. Arguments are presented that convalescent plasma should be further evaluated in clinical trials as proactive, quasi “prophylactic” treatment by giving a sufficient amount of CCP early enough (before massive virus replication). A solid scientific foundation for the principle of target specific and temporarily adapted passive immunization would be very important even beyond COVID-19 as fast and flexible instrument also in future outbreaks of novel pathogens.
DOI: 10.37421/2165-7831.2021.11.e139
DOI: 10.37421/2165-7831.2021.11.e138
DOI: 10.37421/2165-7831.2021.11.264
Yusuke Murakami and Naomi Yamashita*
DOI: 10.37421/2165-7831.2021.11.263
DOI: 10.37421/2165-7831.2021.11.e134
DOI: 10.37421/2165-7831.2021.11.e135
DOI: 10.37421/2165-7831.2021.11.257
DOI: 10.37421/2165-7831.2021.11.258
DOI: 10.37421/2165-7831.2021.11.259
DOI: 10.37421/2165-7831.2021.11.e137
DOI: 10.37421/2165-7831.2021.11.e136
DOI: 10.37421/2165-7831.2021.11.262
Zeeshan Ansar Ahmed, Muhammad Shariq Shaikh, Muhmmad Hasan Hayat, Hamayail Ansari, Huzaifa Bin Rashid, Tariq Moatter and Zeeshan Ansar Ahmed*
DOI: 10.37421/2165-7831.2021.11.261
In Pakistan the disease burden of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is quite high, yet there is a lack of scientific evidence regarding the spectrum of BCR-ABL rearrangement variants in CML and ALL. Knowing about BCR-ABL rearrangement is important in determining the prognosis and treatment strategy of disease at the time of diagnosis. This study included a total of 685 patients, out of which there were 644 CML patients and 41 ALL patients, from October 2016-July 2019. From the CML group, 270 patients were reported to have the BCR-ABL1 transcript, from which 50% were males. Whereas in the ALL group, 35 patients were reported to have the BCR-ABL1 transcript out of which 65.7% were males. Proportions of BCR-ABL transcript type differed between the two groups, with b3a2 (63.3%) and b2a2 (34.8%) transcript types having the highest frequency in CML patients, whereas e1a2 (77.1%) and b3a2 (11.3%) transcript types were found to have the highest frequency in ALL patients. Our data shows transcript genotypes in CML and ALL patients in an Asian population, which may be useful to guide the clinical management and assess prognosis. Since the majority of our CML population had the b3a2 transcript, they have a better prognosis and treatment response.
Alphonsus Ogbonna Ogbuabor*, Peter Uwadiegwu Achukwu, Silas Anayo Ufelle and Daniel Chukwuemeka Ogbuabor
DOI: 10.37421/2165-7831.2021.11.260
The JAK-STAT pathway mediates signals that are involved in hematopoiesis. Aberrant JAK-STAT signaling has been identified in myeloproliferative neoplasm making the pathway a novel therapeutic target for myeloproliferative neoplasms through the application of JAK inhibitors. A major limitation to therapy with the current JAK inhibitors is a lack of selectivity which results in toxicity to patients. It is thought that increasing the selectivity of inhibitors will reduce toxicity observed with JAK inhibition therapy. System biology is a novel technology that holds great potentials for increasing the selectivity of JAK inhibitors. Its Application to drug designing can broaden the spectrum as well as repurpose the available JAK inhibitors for improved clinical outcome and possible cure for myeloproliferative neoplasms. This review presents an overview on the role of system biology in JAK inhibition therapy for myeloproliferative neoplasms.
DOI: 10.37421/2165-7831.2021.11.e140
Satoshi Miwa, Ryota Chijimatsu*, Hideshi Ishii and Taku Saito
DOI: 10.37421/2165-7831.2021.11.266
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have been widely studied for regeneration therapy in various organs/diseases and are currently being developed for clinical practice. Despite the hope brought by MSC therapy, the characteristics of MSCs remain ambiguous, where cells have distinct features depending on their sources and species. With regard to cartilage therapy, MSCs from the bone marrow and synovium have been clinically examined based on their differentiation into chondrocytes in animal studies. However, recent studies have outlined other reparative mechanisms of MSCs, such as paracrine effects. Thus, the regeneration mechanisms are still elusive, and the key features of MSCs that determine their reparative activity have not been established. In this review, we summarize the current literature and discuss the importance of the assays to evaluate “human” MSCs considering the in vivo environment and reparative mechanisms.
DOI: 10.37421/2165-7831.2021.11.e141
DOI: 10.37421/2165-7831.2021.11.267
DOI: 10.37421/2165-7831.2021.11.268
Journal of Blood & Lymph received 443 citations as per Google Scholar report
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