Qiang Pu, Lin Wang, Guojun Kang, Changbao Liu, Changfeng Yang, Jia Luo* and Yongfu Huang*
DOI: 10.37421/ 2165-7831.2022.12.287
Circulating exosomal miRNAs released into all body fluids have incredible functionality and stability. Their expression is associated with multiple pathological conditions, can be used as informative biomarkers when assessing and monitoring the body’s physiopathological status. However, there is no consensus on reference miRNAs for circulating exosomal reference and abundance normalization. The present study aimed to quantify 16 potential reference miRNAs in ten porcine body fluids using qRT-PCR. Further, their stability was quantified by combining multiple gold-standard statistical tools, including BestKeeper, GeNorm, and NormFinder. The identified miRNAs were comprehensively ranked. The top-ranked miRNA was recommended as the optimal reference miRNAs for data normalization. To identify more stable genes, the body fluids were assigned into three groups based on the collection point, they are in vivo (bile, bladder fluid, and gastric juice), in vitro (colostrum, ordinary milk, semen, and urine) and in the blood (UVBP, UABP and PBS). The most stable optimal circulating exosomal reference miRNAs in the body fluids were let-7b-5p (miR-93) in bile, miR-92a in bladder fluid, miR-93 in gastric juice, let-7b-5p in colostrum, miR-92a in ordinary milk and urine, miR-25 in semen, let-7b-5p in UVBP, miR-25 in UABP and U6 in PBS. Overall, miR-93, miR-451 (miR-92a), and miR-25 are the bona fide reference miRNA for qRT-PCR data normalization of body fluids in vivo, in vitro, and blood, respectively. Across all body fluids, miR-451 was the most stable when determining the miRNA abundance in the circulating exosomes
DOI: 10.37421/ 2165-7831.2022.12.286
Srimanta Chandra Misra*, Eric W. Nacoulma, Alberto Santagostino and Valentina Guarino
DOI: 10.37421/ 2165-7831.2022.12.289
Flordeluna Z Mesina*, Jomell C Julian, Jesus Relos, Rosalio Torres, Maureen Via M Comia, June Marie P Ongkingco and Jimmy R. Lafavilla
DOI: 10.37421/2165-7831.2022.12.288
Introduction: The Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) has gripped our country with strain as well as effecting our health system. Currently, there are no standard guidelines in its treatment but the possible benefits of convalescent plasma in limiting complications and treating COVID-19 disease is being looked upon.
Objective: This study aims to determine the effectiveness and safety of using convalescent plasma in improving clinical course of hospitalized patients diagnosed with COVID-19.
Methods: This is a quasi-experimental (prospective analytical) multi-center study of 65 patients who received convalescent plasma therapy (CPT).
Results: Median age of patients who were given CPT was 60 years, were predominantly male (68%), and presented with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Median hemoglobin presented was 138 g/dl, median WBC count was 7.54 × 10 9 /L and median platelet count was 239,500 × 109/L. All inflammatory markers were increased, and both PaO2 and PFR were deranged. Statistically significant decrease in hemoglobin and LDH, and increase in platelet were seen after intervention of CPT. There was statistically significant longer length of stay among CPT recipients, and there was also noted less mortality in BAT group although this is insignificant.
Conclusion: Convalescent plasma may have shown no significant impact in the recovery rate and outcome compared to patients who have not received convalescent plasma therapy, but its administration was proven to be safe among all patients regardless of the level of severity and clinical profile.
Kenjiro Nagai*, Syo Nagai, Yuji Okubo and Keisuke Teshigawara
DOI: 10.37421/2165-7831.2022.12.290
Amplified Natural Killer Cell (ANK) therapy has been modified to enhance the safety and efficacy of original (LAK) immunotherapy. This is a method of removing Natural Killer (NK) cells from the patient's own blood, culturing and amplifying the NK cells, increasing their ability to specifically attack cancer, and returning them for treatment. It is generally effective against all cancers. Experienced a case in which ANK therapy was remarkably effective against ATL, prostate cancer, and breast cancer. Treatment of ATL is basically chemotherapy, but it is not effective and has many side effects. Chemotherapy is also the main treatment for solid cancer patients whose condition has progressed in the same way, and the elderly, renal failure, and heart failure patients cannot be treated. ANK therapy is highly effective in ATL cases and is also very effective in certain solid tumor cases. Considering the mechanism of action of ANK therapy from the accumulation of cases so far and research reports so far, it is effective for ATL with many PD positive tumor cells because it effectively kills PD-L1 positive tumor cells. Some types of solid tumors, such as lymphoma, gastric cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, and prostate cancer, have many PD-L1-positive tumor cells. By measuring PD-L1-positive tumor cells and treating those with high levels, it may be possible to provide treatments that are more effective, have fewer side effects, and are safer than existing treatments.
Rainer Seitz*, Lutz Gürtler and Wolfgang Schramm
DOI: 10.37421/2165-7831.2021.11.265
The COVID-19 pandemic so far caused millions of deaths, and the therapeutic options for high-risk patients are far from being satisfactory. Active immunization by vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein provides good protection from a severe course of COVID-19. It has been explored in numerous clinical trials, whether also passive immunization by transfusion of convalescent plasma could positively influence the course of COVID-19. Large randomized clinical trials failed to demonstrate a benefit for patients with advanced disease. However, the antibody dose and timing of transfusion might have contributed to this negative result. Randomized clinical trials are necessary to make evidence-based progress in the development of therapeutic options, and this holds true also for “natural” concepts. However, even highquality trials are just a tool to test predefined hypotheses. Arguments are presented that convalescent plasma should be further evaluated in clinical trials as proactive, quasi “prophylactic” treatment by giving a sufficient amount of CCP early enough (before massive virus replication). A solid scientific foundation for the principle of target specific and temporarily adapted passive immunization would be very important even beyond COVID-19 as fast and flexible instrument also in future outbreaks of novel pathogens.
DOI: 10.37421/2165-7831.2021.11.e139
DOI: 10.37421/2165-7831.2021.11.e138
DOI: 10.37421/2165-7831.2021.11.264
Yusuke Murakami and Naomi Yamashita*
DOI: 10.37421/2165-7831.2021.11.263
DOI: 10.37421/2165-7831.2021.11.e134
DOI: 10.37421/2165-7831.2021.11.e135
DOI: 10.37421/2165-7831.2021.11.257
DOI: 10.37421/2165-7831.2021.11.258
DOI: 10.37421/2165-7831.2021.11.259
DOI: 10.37421/2165-7831.2021.11.e137
DOI: 10.37421/2165-7831.2021.11.e136
DOI: 10.37421/2165-7831.2021.11.262
Zeeshan Ansar Ahmed, Muhammad Shariq Shaikh, Muhmmad Hasan Hayat, Hamayail Ansari, Huzaifa Bin Rashid, Tariq Moatter and Zeeshan Ansar Ahmed*
DOI: 10.37421/2165-7831.2021.11.261
In Pakistan the disease burden of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is quite high, yet there is a lack of scientific evidence regarding the spectrum of BCR-ABL rearrangement variants in CML and ALL. Knowing about BCR-ABL rearrangement is important in determining the prognosis and treatment strategy of disease at the time of diagnosis. This study included a total of 685 patients, out of which there were 644 CML patients and 41 ALL patients, from October 2016-July 2019. From the CML group, 270 patients were reported to have the BCR-ABL1 transcript, from which 50% were males. Whereas in the ALL group, 35 patients were reported to have the BCR-ABL1 transcript out of which 65.7% were males. Proportions of BCR-ABL transcript type differed between the two groups, with b3a2 (63.3%) and b2a2 (34.8%) transcript types having the highest frequency in CML patients, whereas e1a2 (77.1%) and b3a2 (11.3%) transcript types were found to have the highest frequency in ALL patients. Our data shows transcript genotypes in CML and ALL patients in an Asian population, which may be useful to guide the clinical management and assess prognosis. Since the majority of our CML population had the b3a2 transcript, they have a better prognosis and treatment response.
Alphonsus Ogbonna Ogbuabor*, Peter Uwadiegwu Achukwu, Silas Anayo Ufelle and Daniel Chukwuemeka Ogbuabor
DOI: 10.37421/2165-7831.2021.11.260
The JAK-STAT pathway mediates signals that are involved in hematopoiesis. Aberrant JAK-STAT signaling has been identified in myeloproliferative neoplasm making the pathway a novel therapeutic target for myeloproliferative neoplasms through the application of JAK inhibitors. A major limitation to therapy with the current JAK inhibitors is a lack of selectivity which results in toxicity to patients. It is thought that increasing the selectivity of inhibitors will reduce toxicity observed with JAK inhibition therapy. System biology is a novel technology that holds great potentials for increasing the selectivity of JAK inhibitors. Its Application to drug designing can broaden the spectrum as well as repurpose the available JAK inhibitors for improved clinical outcome and possible cure for myeloproliferative neoplasms. This review presents an overview on the role of system biology in JAK inhibition therapy for myeloproliferative neoplasms.
DOI: 10.37421/2165-7831.2021.11.e140
Satoshi Miwa, Ryota Chijimatsu*, Hideshi Ishii and Taku Saito
DOI: 10.37421/2165-7831.2021.11.266
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have been widely studied for regeneration therapy in various organs/diseases and are currently being developed for clinical practice. Despite the hope brought by MSC therapy, the characteristics of MSCs remain ambiguous, where cells have distinct features depending on their sources and species. With regard to cartilage therapy, MSCs from the bone marrow and synovium have been clinically examined based on their differentiation into chondrocytes in animal studies. However, recent studies have outlined other reparative mechanisms of MSCs, such as paracrine effects. Thus, the regeneration mechanisms are still elusive, and the key features of MSCs that determine their reparative activity have not been established. In this review, we summarize the current literature and discuss the importance of the assays to evaluate “human” MSCs considering the in vivo environment and reparative mechanisms.
DOI: 10.37421/2165-7831.2021.11.e141
DOI: 10.37421/2165-7831.2021.11.267
DOI: 10.37421/2165-7831.2021.11.268
DOI: 10.37421/ 2165-7831.2022.12.011
DOI: 0.37421/ 2165-7831.2022.12. e002
DOI: DOI: 10.37421/ 2165-7831.2022.12.008
DOI: DOI: 10.37421/ 2165-7831.2022.12.009
DOI: DOI: 10.37421/ 2165-7831.2022.12.010
DOI: 10.37421/ 2165-7831.2022.12.279
DOI: 10.37421/ 2165-7831.2022.12. 276
DOI: 10.37421/ 2165-7831.2022.12.277
DOI: 10.37421/ 2165-7831.2022.12.e148
DOI: 10.37421/ 2165-7831.2022.12. 275
DOI: DOI: 10.37421/ 2165-7831.2022.12.294
DOI: DOI: 10.37421/2165-7831.2022.12.292
Introduction/objective: The Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) is an inflammatory biomarker that could be used as an indicator of systemic inflammation (sepsis) and could also be used to predict the prognosis of some diseases (solid cancer, community pneumonia) as well as cardiovascular outcomes. The purpose of this study was to assess the potential role of NLR and eosinopenia in patients with acute exacerbation of COPD compared to those in the stable phase of the disease.
Methods: NLR was assessed and compared in patients with AECOPD (n=92) and those in the stable phase of COPD (n=240). Patients under the age of 18 were excluded from the study, those who used inhaled corticosteroids, as were those with any condition affecting the NEU or LYM count in peripheral blood (hematological illnesses, pregnancy). The NLR was determined using NEU and LYM counts from regular blood tests. We defined the cut-off value for eosinopenia as the percentage of eosinophils ≤ 1%. Statistica, version 8, was used to conduct the statistical study.
Results: We included 332 inpatients with COPD diagnosed in our hospital from April to October 2021. AECOPD was discovered in 92 patients. Patients with exacerbation had considerably lower levels of BMI, FEV1/FVC and NLR ratio. Eosinopena was detected in 85.87 % of AECOPD patients.
Conclusion: We found that the NLR ratio was lower in patients with AECOPD. NLR is an effective biomarker for AECOPD patients, but its role, like that of eosinopenia, is currently under study.
Biljana Lazovic*, Radmila Dmitrovic and Isidora Simonovic
DOI: 10.37421/ 2165-7831.2022.12.293
DOI: 10.37421/2165-7831.2022.12.291
DOI: 10.37421/ 2165-7831.2022.12.295
Dengue is one of the most commonly encountered infectious diseases in tropical countries. The features overlap with other causes of Acute Febrile Illness, and a rapid diagnosis is required in most centers. The usual modalities of diagnosis are serological based, where NS1 antigen, IgM, or IgG antibodies are assayed. Fast card-based kits are available but are less reliable than their (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) ELISA-based counterparts. There has been a recent automation boom in all healthcare facilities sectors. Automated hematological analyzers are an integral part of it, providing much additional information other than blood counts. Among these research parameters are HFLC (High Fluorescence Lymphocyte Count) and CPD (Cell Population Data) provided by the Sysmex XN series. These have taken the interest of pathologists, and some research articles are available that analyze these parameters' utility in the expeditious diagnosis of dengue. Studies show that HFLC is increased in AFI and correlates with dengue. Some studies have drawn Receiver Operating Curves (ROC) for determining cut-off values to differentiate dengue from other AFI. Jayaram et al. calculated a cut-off of 1.35% with 82.8% sensitivity and 87% specificity. Chabbra et al. computed a cut-off of 1.75% with 52% sensitivity and 90% specificity, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 72%, and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 80%. They also did a regression analysis on CPD and found that LY-X, LY-Z, LY-WX, LY-WZ, and MO-X were independent predictors of dengue fever. Ningombam et al. had different cut-off values for NS-1 antigen-positive only, IgM antibody-positive and dual-positive dengue patients, of 5.2%, 3.2%, and 2.6%, respectively. These studies show promising results and can help manage dengue patients, especially in resource-constrained settings in endemic zones, leading to better managing of dengue patients.
Musluh Hakseven*, Özhan Çetindağ, Gökhan Avşar, R?za Deryol, Cem Azılı, Gözde Sırgancı, Serdar Culcu, Serkan Akbulut and Ali Ekrem Ünal
DOI: 10.37421/2165-7831.2022.12.012
Introduction: Gastric Cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers that can result in death. Markers are needed to detect gastric cancer early and manage treatment. We aimed to reveal the relationship between Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) level and Fibrinogen-Albumin Ratio (FAR) and prognosis in gastric cancer, as well as to examine the relationship of these values with the number of metastatic lymph nodes and TNM stage.
Materials and methods: The data of 805 consecutive gastrectomy patients were analyzed retrospectively. A total of 461 patients were included. The optimal cut- off values of CEA and FAR were 2.43 ng/mL and 1.26, respectively. Patients were stratified into three groups based on this cutoff value: CEA-FAR=0 (CEA<2.43 ng/mL and FAR<1.26), CEA-FAR=1 (CEA ≥ 2.43 ng/mL or FAR ≥ 1.26), and CEA-FAR=2 (CEA ≥ 2.43 ng/mL and FAR ≥ 00201.26).
Results: There was a significant relationship between high CEA and stage (p=0.040), N status (p=0.017), and lymph node metastasis (p=0.004), and also there was a significant correlation between high FAR value and grade (p=0.003), stage (p<0.001), T status (p<0.001), N status (p<0.001) and metastatic lymph node count (p<0.001). Overall and disease-free survival were significantly different between the three CEA-FAR groups.
Conclusion: We believe that pre-operative FAR and CEA values are independent predictors of survival. FAR and CEA are potential prognostic indicators for resectable gastric cancer due to their easy access and low cost. Considering survival and prognosis in patients with very high preoperative CEA and FAR values, neoadjuvant chemotherapy should also be considered.
DOI: 10.37421/2165-7831.2022.12.013
DOI: 10.37421/2165-7831.2022.12.014
DOI: 10.37421/ 2165-7831.2022.12.015
Najmeh Parhizgari, Farhad Rezaei, Mohammad-Reza Khatami, Sayed Mahdi Marashi, Mohammad Farahmand, Farzane Behnezhad, Monireh Derakhshani, Fatemeh Ajami-Nezhad and Talat Mokhtari-Azad*
DOI: 10.37421/2165-7831.2022.12.016
Background: In spite of antiviral prophylaxis regimens, Cytomegalovirus (CMV) remains a major reason for morbidity and allograft failure in kidney transplant recipients. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of early or late onset of CMV viremia in kidney transplant recipients and evaluate the correlation of laboratory findings and graft origin with CMV viremia.
Methods: In this prospective case-control study, 192 kidney recipients were evaluated for the timing and potential risk factors based on detectable CMV viremia (≥200 copies/ml) and all-correlates were assessed using multivariate logistic regression models.
Results: 153 participants from examined patients were eligible to enter the study. The risk of CMV viremia with viral loads ≥200 copies/ml was receiving a graft from a deceased donor. Importantly, CMV viremia mostly occurred 4 months after transplantation, while the patients were expected to be on CMV prophylaxis.
Conclusions: Receiving a renal graft from a deceased donor significantly raises the incidence of viremia in renal transplant patients. The median month of CMV viremia occurrence was month 4th after transplantation. Serum testing showed a significant increase in creatinine and a decrease in platelets in the CMV positive group compared to the control group. Our results indicated that the viremia has not affected the survival of the allograft or patient.
Journal of Blood & Lymph received 404 citations as per Google Scholar report
