Arriel Makembi Bunkete1* , Florence Fermigier 1 , David Gondele Ipungu 1 , Kazi Anga Muamba 1 , Blady Mpibi Mpiana 1 , Alphonse Edjokola Munyubu1 , Gabriel Bafunyembaka1 , Pascal Kuamba Kasonga1 , Franchisca-Anaïs Morry 1 , Yannick Kashala Madimba 1 , Mohamed Sidibe2 , Malika Belgrine2 , Timote Davodoun2 , Irenée Djiconkpode 1 and Tanguy Gbaguidi2
Background: Lead is toxic to the body. Its chronic intoxication combines various clinical and biological disorders that can be life-threatening. In French Guiana, lead poisoning is particularly worrying, as the incidence rate is nearly sixty times higher than in metropolitan France. In chronic hemodialysis patients, lead levels are often higher and can lead to several adverse consequences. Hence, the interest of this study, which is to describe the clinical and biological characteristics of chronic hemodialysis patients with high blood lead levels and to identify the associated factors to draw attention to its screening and the prevention of its complications. Methods: Descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study that included 65 patients on chronic conventional hemodialysis: With an annual biological assessment in December 2022, including a serum lead assay. The outcome was the notion of hyper lead level, defined by a lead level >85 μg/l. We described the clinical, biological, and dialytic parameters of patients with hyper lead levels and in logistic regression, we identified the factors that are correlated according to a significance threshold P<0.05. Results: In all, 54% of patients had hyperplumbemia, 2/3 of them women. They were older, with an average age of 62. None of the patients had been occupationally exposed to lead. 94% were hypertensive and half were diabetic. 26% had anemia, and half had erythropoietin resistance. Their ferritin levels were slightly lower, with a mean of 721 μg/l. Mean albumin was 30 g/l, prealbumin 28 g/l, mean parathyroid hormone 1355 ng/ml, NT-pro BNP 9144 ng/ml. Mean CRP was 10.8 mg/l. They had collapsed residual diuresis and natriuresis with averages of 141 ml and 12 mmol/24 hours, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between high Blood Lead Level (BLL) levels and young age, and a negative correlation with female gender, low serum albumin, prealbumin, protein and ferritin levels, as well as collapsed residual diuresis. Conclusion: High blood lead levels are common in the Guyanese chronic hemodialysis population in which it is correlated with female sex, malnutrition, iron deficiency and residual poor renal function and probably with resistance to erythropoietin treatment. It is necessary to screen in at-risk populations to prevent complications associated with it.
Shin Young Park, Ki Yun Kim, Young-Seuk Bae, Do Youn Jun and Young Ho Kim*
3,6-Anhydro-L-Galactose (L-AHG), a bioactive carbohydrate derived from agarose extracted from red algae, is produced via a two- step enzymatic hydrolysis process, yielding high purity. It effectively inhibits the proliferation of activated T and B lymphocytes, key players in adaptive immunity, by suppressing the Janus Kinase-Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling pathway and blocking the G1-S traverse in the cell cycle. This dual mechanism reduces adaptive immune responses, positioning L- AHG as a next-generation immunosuppressant. Its targeted approach promises greater safety and efficacy compared to traditional therapies, with potential applications in autoimmune disease treatment, transplant rejection prevention and managing hyperactive immune responses. This review presents detailed insights into the production process, mechanisms of action and therapeutic possibilities of L-AHG, highlighting its capacity to address many of the shortcomings of current immunosuppressive drugs.
Limei Chen and Juping Liu*
Diabetic Retinopathy (DR), a leading cause of blindness in diabetic populations, necessitates early detection strategies beyond conventional fundus photography. This review synthesizes evidence on hematological inflammatory indices as potential biomarkers for DR screening. The Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) emerges as the most consistent independent risk factor, with composite indices like SII and SIRI showing diagnostic value. Pathophysiologically, these indices reflect systemic inflammation driven by neutrophil-mediated vascular damage, monocyte-induced insulin resistance, and plateletleukocyte interactions. While NLR correlates strongly with proliferative DR, PLR/SII demonstrate utility in non-proliferative stages. Current limitations include lack of standardized cut-offs and susceptibility to transient confounders. Future research should prioritize multicenter validation and integration with glycemic/ hemodynamic parameters to enhance predictive models.
Hirokazu Miki*
Multiple Myeloma (MM) remains incurable and thus, innovative therapeutic options are needed. MM cells not only reside in the bone marrow, but also expand outside bone. The extramedullary expansion of plasmacytoma is generally accepted to represent a high-risk condition with more aggressive features and a poorer prognosis. Therefore, novel therapeutic options with different modes of action against MM and extramedullary plasmacytoma need to be developed. Hyperthermia is an ancient and unique treatment option for cancers. We previously reported the anti-MM effects of hyperthermia combined with proteasome inhibitors. To apply the cytotoxic effect of hyperthermia, we developed novel superparamagnetic nanoparticles, which accumulate in extramedullary tumors in mouse plasmacytoma models and generate heat locally with alternative magnetic currency. This commentary provides detailed insights into the mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential of hyperthermia for plasma cell dyscrasias.
Hua Jiang and Sophie Paczesny*
While anti-PD1/PDL1 immune checkpoint blockade has shown promising clinical success in solid tumors [1,2] its effectiveness in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) remains limited, AML is considered an immunologically 'cold' tumor [3] despite evidence of CD8+ T cell exhaustion in patients. Although advances in targeted therapies and supportive care have improved survival outcomes in AML, the pace of therapeutic immune innovation in AML has notably lagged behind that observed in acute B-cell and T-cell leukemias, lymphomas and multiple myeloma over the past three decades [4,5].
Melisyah Meliana
Pharmacokinetics is the investigation of digestion of medications in organic liquids, tissues and excreta. The discoveries of ongoing improvements uncover that Multidrug Obstruction (MDR) adjusted the bioavailability of orally managed drugs through enlistment or restraint. Part of Multi-drug treatment: MDR is a term used to portray the marvel described by the capacity of medication safe tumors to display synchronous protection from various primarily and practically disconnected chemotherapeutic specialists. Various systems have been portrayed to clarify the wonder of MDR in mammalian cells. They have been extensively ordered into cell and non-cell components. Boundaries of pharmacokinetic inconstancy in malignancy patients:
Jeena Aniston
Road traffic accidents are increasing day by day which will result in Spinal cord Injury to the victims. In Spinal cord Injury nervous system is affected which is not re-gene ratable so whatever damage occur its permanent for rest of life. Thoracic spinal cord injury patient have spared Upper extremities and some trunk muscle with use of those and some assistive devices patient can achieve the independence in his life
Bunkechukwu Mehemed
Frailty with bone marrow promegaloblastosis (megaloblastic weakness). This is because of the restraint of DNA blend (explicitly purines and thymidine). Gastrointestinal side effects: modification in inside motility, like gentle the runs or blockage, and loss of bladder or gut control. These are believed to be because of flawed DNA amalgamation repressing replication in tissue destinations with a high turnover of cells. This may likewise be because of the immune system assault on the parietal cells of the stomach in noxious paleness. There is a relationship with gastric antral vascular ectasia (which can be alluded to as watermelon stomach), and malicious anemia. Neurological manifestations: tangible or engine insufficiencies (missing reflexes, lessened vibration or delicate touch sensation) and sub acute consolidated degeneration of the spinal cord. Deficiency side effects in kids incorporate formative postponement, relapse, peevishness, compulsory developments and hypotonia.
DOI: 10.37421/ 2165-7831.2025.15.344
DOI: 10.37421/ 2165-7831.2022.12.285
Katya Ravid* and Alessandra Balduini
Ali Spikestein*
The importance of the study, “Impact of Facility Dog and Certified Child Life Specialist Dyad on Children’s Pain and Anxiety during Needlestick Procedures in a Pediatric Hematology Oncology Clinic Setting,” is clear given the breadth of research done on the impact of frequent painful procedures and treatments on pediatric hematology oncology patients and their families.
Journal of Blood & Lymph received 443 citations as per Google Scholar report
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