DOI: 10.37421/2161-0991.2021.11.180
DOI: 10.37421/2161-0991.2021.11.182
Michelle Burgin, Roxana Beladi, Kyle Varkoly, Jordan R. Yaron, Liqiang Zhang, Steve T. Yeh, Jacqueline Kilbourne, Dara Wakefield, William Clapp, Alexandra R. Lucas
With over a hundred thousand transplants needed every year and limited availability leading to the death of 20 patients each day, long term viability of solid organ transplants is imperative. Early allograft transplant rejection is well controlled by immunosuppression of T cells, but late organ loss due to allograft vascular (AV) disease and chronic immune damage are unmet medical needs. Chronic AV disease and ongoing immune damage are leading causes of late transplant organ loss. In prior work, we demonstrated that implant of an allograft kidney with a conditional deficiency of the N-deacetylase N-sulfotransferase 1 (Ndst1-/-) enzyme in the endothelium and myeloid precursors (C57Bl/6 background) led to a significant decrease in early rejection after implant into wild type BALB/c mice with normal Ndst1 expression.
Weems Juston, Holman John1, Rose Stanley, Abecassis Michael M , Levitsky Josh
Background: We have previously discovered and validated a microarray-based test that analyzes blood gene expression profiles (GEP) as an indicator of immune status in liver transplant recipients with stable liver function.
Methods: In this study, investigators (7 transplant hepatologists) assessed clinical utility of the TruGraf Liver test in patient management. In a retrospective study, simultaneous blood tests and liver function tests (882 serial time points within the first year of liver transplant) were performed in 29 patients at 7 transplant centers.
Results: When queried regarding whether a single initial TruGraf Liver test result impacted their decision regarding patient management, in 455/882 (51.5%) of serial time points, the investigator responded in the affirmative. Of the 455 affirmative responses, nearly 70% were related to the test result supporting a decrease or increase in immunosuppressive therapy. Of the responses that TruGraf liver did not alter care, nearly 40% were related to the need to see the next serial test before modifying patient management. All seven providers (100%) stated the affirmative when asked if this blood test would be useful in general for future liver transplant patient management.
Patricia M. West-Thielke, Cortney C. Miller, Winston Ally, April Sutton, Rohita Sinha, Mikaela Miller, Steve Kleiboeker and Juston C. Weems*
DOI: 10.37421/2161-0991.22.12.207
Here we present the impact of the transition from TruGraf microarray to TruGraf PCR on the performance of OmniGraf, the combination of TruGraf Gene expression and TRAC dd-cfDNA tests. Using the same biopsy-paired samples as previously published, we saw an improvement in the NPV from 88% to 94% when both assays were negative. Perhaps more importantly, we observed an increase in the PPV from 81% to 89% when both tests were positive. False negative results were reduced from 31% to 17%, while true negative results improved from 74% to 81%. Within our cohorts, we observed 26.2% of results to be positive for one test and negative for the other: 11.7% showed elevated TRAC (+) and a negative TruGraf (-); 14.5% showed a TruGraf positive (+) and low TRAC score (-). The previous publication demonstrated that TruGraf microarray was significantly better at detecting subclinical TCMR and TRAC was significantly better at detecting subclinical ABMR, highlighting the importance of the combination of the tests. The methodological improvement in TruGraf technology increased its detection of both TCMR and ABMR subtypes of rejection, leading to a higher NPV and PPV. In the field of transplant biomarkers, where high NPV values have been the focus, we present novel clinical validation data on the first commercial biomarker panel with a high PPV. With the data presented here, OmniGraf results provide a high probability of either immune quiescence or subclinical rejection to support clinical decision-making.
DOI: 10.37421/2161-0991.2022.12.208
DOI: 10.37421/2161-0991.2022.12.209
DOI: 10.37421/2161-0991.2022.12.210
DOI: 10.37421/2161-0991.2022.12.211
DOI: 10.37421/2161-0991.2022.12.212
The thickest of the three membranes that make up a foetal body is the amniotic membrane (AM), sometimes known as an amnion. A single layer of amnion epithelial cells anchored to a thick basement membrane, as well as an avascular stromal matrix, make up this semi-transparent membrane. In addition to integrin, fibronectin and laminin, it has been shown that the human amniotic membrane also includes collagen types IV and VII, as seen with the Bowman membrane cornea. Its earliest documented usage in ophthalmology was by De Rotth, who utilised the foetal membrane (both amniotic membrane and chorion) to correct epithelial conjunctival abnormalities in patients with symblepharon. It was first used therapeutically in 1910 by Davis for skin transplantations.
DOI: 10.37421/2161-0991.2022.12.214
Hair loss affects both men and women and, for many people, profoundly impacts psychosocial function and psychological well-being. Few other physical signs of aging demonstrate such direct correlation with self-esteem and self-worth. Hair has long been associated with youth, vitality and health; and our individual hair styles frame our faces and communicate information about our unique personalities.
DOI: 10.37421/2161-0991.2022.12.215
DOI: 10.37421/2161-0991.2022.12.216
DOI: 10.37421/2161-0991.2022.12.213
AMR, or active and persistent antibody-mediated rejection, is a frequent reason for graft failure. The prognostic indicators for this condition are unclear. Our goal was to identify the demographic, histological and clinical characteristics of transplant recipients who had AMR and to assess how these traits and antirejection therapy options affected graft survival.
DOI: 10.37421/2161-0991.2022.12.219
DOI: 10.37421/2161-0991.2022.12.217
Hypervolemia frequently results in elevated cardiac output in patients with end-stage renal failure, particularly in those who are underdialyzed and those who have cardiac decompensation. This investigation looked at how kidney transplantation affected valvular heart conditions. 180 adult patients (n=180) who underwent kidney transplantation at the Division of Organ Transplantation, University of Debrecen, Hungary, between February 2015 and June 2018 were included in this retrospective data study. This investigation looked at the echocardiographic parameters and lab findings both before and after surgery (at 6 and 12 months). The Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance test and 2/Fisher exact tests were used to conduct statistical studies. It was deemed important if P .05.
DOI: 10.37421/2161-0991.2022.12.218
Adults following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) frequently experience delirium; however, the clinical and neuroimaging correlates of post-HCT delirium have not been clearly defined. Therefore, using a retrospective cohort of 115 persons who underwent neuroimaging following allogeneic HCT, we investigated the prevalence of delirium and neuroimaging correlates of post-transplant delirium. Using previously approved techniques for the retrospective detection of post-procedural delirium assessed on the chart, delirium was determined. A multidisciplinary team with experience in HCT, psychiatry, and psychology independently reviewed the medical records of consecutive allogeneic HCT patients who had neuroimaging evaluations and transplantation at a single location between January 2009 and December 2016. Also noted were white matter damage and brain volume decrease neuroimaging indicators.
DOI: 10.37421/2161-0991.2022.12.221
Frailty, a state of susceptibility and deterioration in function across several physiological bodily systems, is becoming recognised as a useful criterion to help clinicians forecast the likelihood of unfavourable outcomes in adult transplant candidates. The International Society for Heart Lung Transplantation proposes frailty testing in its listing criteria for heart transplantation from 2016. We set out to compile information on the value of frailty assessment in heart transplant candidates or recipients that has been published in the literature.
DOI: 10.37421/2161-0991.2022.12.220
DOI: 10.37421/2161-0991.2022.12.222
An unprecedented opportunity exists to simulate human brain development and disease by dividing human pluripotent stem cells into tiny brainlike organoids. We developed a technique for transplanting human brain organoids into adult mouse brains in order to provide a vascularized and functional in vivo model of brain organoids. Organoid joins showed moderate neuronal separation and development, gliogenesis, combination of microglia and development of axons to various areas of the host cerebrum. Two-photon in vivo imaging revealed the grafts' functional neuronal networks and blood vessels. Finally, optogenetics and in vivo extracellular recording revealed intragraft neuronal activity and suggested functional synaptic connectivity between the host and the graft. It's possible that disease modeling under physiological conditions will be made easier by combining human neural organoids with an in vivo physiological environment in the animal brain.
DOI: 10.37421/2161-0991.2022.12.223
DOI: 10.37421/2161-0991.2022.12.224
We combined participant-level data from 524 patients across twenty-two eligible clinical trials that met our inclusion criteria. The type and source of the infused cells had a significant impact on the outcome. 58.9 percent of T1DM patients who received CD34+ hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) infusions became insulin-independent for a mean of 16 months, whereas patients who received umbilical cord blood (UCB) consistently failed. When compared to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), infusion of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) significantly improved T1DM outcomes (P 0.0001 and P=0.1557). Early stem cell therapy administration was more effective than later intervention (relative risk=2.0, P=0.0008) after DM diagnosis. Unfriendly impacts were seen in just 21.72% of both T1DM and T2DM foundational microorganism beneficiaries with no detailed mortality. Diabetes ketoacidosis was identified in 79.5% of the poor responders.
DOI: 10.37421/2161-0991.2022.12.225
We combined participant-level data from 524 patients across twenty-two eligible clinical trials that met our inclusion criteria. The type and source of the infused cells had a significant impact on the outcome. 58.9 percent of T1DM patients who received CD34+ hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) infusions became insulin-independent for a mean of 16 months, whereas patients who received umbilical cord blood (UCB) consistently failed. When compared to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), infusion of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) significantly improved T1DM outcomes (P 0.0001 and P=0.1557). Early stem cell therapy administration was more effective than later intervention (relative risk=2.0, P=0.0008) after DM diagnosis. Unfriendly impacts were seen in just 21.72% of both T1DM and T2DM foundational microorganism beneficiaries with no detailed mortality. Diabetes ketoacidosis was identified in 79.5% of the poor responders.
DOI: 10.37421/2161-0991.2022.12.226
DOI: 10.37421/2161-0991.2023.13.230
A common cause of graft failure is active and persistent antibody-mediated rejection, or AMR. It is not clear what the condition's prognostic indicators are. Our objective was to determine the demographic, histological, and clinical characteristics of AMR transplant recipients, as well as their effects on graft survival and options for antirejection therapy.
DOI: 10.37421/2161-0991.2023.13.228
DOI: 10.37421/2161-0991.2023.13.227
DOI: 10.37421/2161-0991.2023.13.229
Both men and women experience hair loss, which has a significant impact on psychosocial functioning and psychological well-being for many people. There are very few physical signs of aging that are as correlated with self-esteem and worth as this one does. For a very long time, hair has been linked to youth, vitality, and health; Additionally, the hairstyles we wear define our faces and convey information about our individual personalities.
DOI: 10.37421/2161-0991.2023.13.231
DOI: 10.37421/2161-0991.2024.14.272
DOI: 10.37421/2161-0991.2024.14.275
DOI: 10.37421/2161-0991.2024.14.273
Congenital glaucoma is a rare but severe ocular condition that can lead to vision impairment or blindness if left untreated. Penetrating Keratoplasty (PKP) has emerged as a viable surgical option to restore vision in individuals with congenital glaucoma who present with corneal opacity. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the surgical procedure, outcomes and challenges associated with PKP in congenital glaucoma. Through an extensive literature review, we examine the key factors influencing surgical success, such as patient selection, donor corneal grafts and postoperative management. We discuss the potential complications and long-term outcomes while emphasizing the importance of early intervention and long-term follow-up in achieving optimal results. In conclusion, PKP offers a promising approach for vision restoration in congenital glaucoma patients and serves as a crucial component of a multi-disciplinary approach in managing this challenging condition.
DOI: 10.37421/2161-0991.2024.14.274
Solid organ transplant recipients are at an increased risk of developing skin cancer due to long-term immunosuppressive medication use. This review explores the complex relationship between immunity, immunosuppressive drugs and the occurrence of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancers (NMSCs) in transplant recipients. We analyze key factors affecting skin cancer risk, including type and dosage of immunosuppressive medications, as well as individual patient characteristics. The literature review suggests that achieving a delicate balance between preventing graft rejection and reducing skin cancer risk is a challenge. We discuss strategies for mitigating NMSC risk, such as the use of alternative immunosuppressive regimens and vigilant dermatological monitoring. Ultimately, a multidisciplinary approach is required to ensure the overall well-being of transplant recipients.
DOI: 10.37421/2161-0991.2024.14.270
Lung transplant recipients represent a vulnerable population at the intersection of autoimmunity and the COVID-19 pandemic. This review explores the complex interplay between post-transplant autoimmunity and COVID-19 in lung transplant recipients. We analyse the unique challenges faced by these patients, including increased susceptibility to infections, potential exacerbation of autoimmune reactions and the impact of immunosuppressive therapies. Key considerations include risk assessment, vaccination strategies and the evolving landscape of management protocols. By navigating this crossroads with a multidisciplinary approach that integrates immunology, transplantation and infectious disease expertise, healthcare providers can optimize patient care and outcomes.
DOI: 10.37421/2161-0991.2024.14.271
Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD) is a rare, inherited immunodeficiency disorder characterized by dysfunctional phagocytes, rendering affected individuals highly susceptible to recurrent and severe infections. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) has emerged as a promising curative therapy for CGD, offering the potential for restored immune function. This review explores the clinical application of HSCT in CGD, analyzing the historical and contemporary aspects of the procedure, associated challenges and patient outcomes. Keywords include risk assessment, donor selection, Graft-Versus-Host Disease (GVHD), conditioning regimens and long-term follow-up. The findings underscore the significance of HSCT as a potentially curative approach for CGD, while emphasizing the importance of continued research and multidisciplinary collaboration for optimal patient care.
DOI: 10.37421/2161-0991.2024.14.268
DOI: 10.37421/2161-0991.2024.14.274
DOI: 10.37421/2161-0991.2024.14.267
DOI: 10.37421/2161-0991.2024.14.269
Transplantation Technologies & Research received 223 citations as per Google Scholar report
Spanish 
Chinese 
Russian 
German 
French 
Japanese 
Portuguese 
Hindi 