Accounting & Marketing

The purpose of this study is to explore how technology business incubation centers established in different universities of Pakistan playing their role to cultivate the entrepreneurial culture and providing support to startups. These incubation centers are also facilitating those who have some new innovative ideas to get them converted in successful business by providing professional support, business advices and exposure to entrepreneurial networks. One of the objectives of these incubators is to promote the entrepreneurial culture among students from the start of their study programs to change their mindset from job seeker to job provider. Based on observation this study identifies that technology business incubation centres provide the wide scope of resources and facilities to assist the startups ranging from prototype development to learning how to commercialize technological ideas, bridging the gap between academia and industry to providing the platform to industry as well in resolving their issues by providing the effective solutions. Tenants firms provided with opportunity to learn from multipurpose experiences of big industry icons by arranging informative workshops and seminars.

The main objective of this paper is to find out the long run relationship between terrorism and foreign direct investment of Jordan. For this purpose, we have taken the monthly data from 1996 to 2014. We have found that data are stationary at first difference. For the analysis of finding the long run association, we have applied the Johnson co integration approach. The results are showing that terrorism have negative relationship with the foreign direct investment. This study suggested that there is need of proper planning for the improvement of the foreign direct investment.

This research performs an empirical study on the performance evaluation of Iranian banking industry through CAMELS framework. The research method is applied in terms of objective, and correlational according to the type of method. Time domain of research is from 2007 to 2015. The research data are annually collected and extracted from financial statements of operating banks in the Iranian banking industry. Pooled and Panel hybrid regression model with fixed effects are used to analyze the research data and test the hypotheses. Based on the results of research model, the impact of capital adequacy, asset quality, management quality, liquidity quality, and sensitivity to market risk indicators is direct and significant on the return on assets of banks in the Iranian banking industry, but the effect of earnings quality is rejected on the return on assets of banks in the Iranian banking industry.

This paper explores how and why some small and medium size family businesses can survive in an environment that is full of uncertainties. We content that family businesses have an inherent resilience, constructed through its organisational identity that may render continuous competitive advantages and enable family businesses to meet the challenges and to take the opportunities embedded in turbulent conditions. Based on thirteen interviews of family businesses’ owners and managers, we found that the constitution of family business as an organisational identity denotes the strategic choices.

A slogan a group of words used to create an effective message. It is also called as punch line. It is an important part of advertisement. Slogans are usually made in short but in rhyme so that the readers or audience can recall easily and quickly. Further most of the slogans carry a message to make customers understand and feel the benefit which is called key factor. This research paper is aimed to determine the most likely (optimum) size of the slogans, significance of rhyme factor in designing a slogan and the most desirable content (key benefit) to deliver through the slogans.

The study examined marketing strategies and Nigerian nation’s development: a study of Pipelines and Products Marketing Company Limited (PPMC) and some major oil marketing companies in Nigeria from 1997-2015. The paper aims at determining the effect of the petroleum products (pms) produced for sale, the pricing of petroleum products (pms) earmarked for sale by road, the petroleum products (pms) earmarked for sale by road transport on and the bridging of petroleum products on the real gross domestic products in Nigeria from 1997 to 2015. Regression analysis and t-test statistical tools were used to test the hypotheses formulated in this study. The findings of the study revealed that petroleum marketing companies employ marketing strategies within the context of trying to manage a number of tensions or dualities. The study revealed that marketing strategies appropriately applied develop the economy. Conclusively it is evident from this study that: there is no significant relationship between the petroleum products (pms) produced for sale by NNPC, the pricing of petroleum products (pms) earmarked for sale by road, the bridging of petroleum products and the real gross domestic products in Nigeria from 1997 to 2015. However, there is significant relationship between the effect of the petroleum products (pms) earmarked for sale by road and the real gross domestic products in Nigeria from 1997 to 2015. In view of the findings it is recommended that the relevant authorities should exert enough political will to implement effectively and efficiently the Petroleum Equalisation Fund Law so that the benefits of bridging of petroleum product could be harnessed and enjoyed by the citizenry

The study aims at measuring the impact of human resource management practices on creativity and innovation with the presence of competencies as an intermediary variable. The study highlights the importance of human resource management practices for UAE banks and explores the role of human resource management practices in enhancing the creativity and innovation of employees. To achieve this goal, six UAE banks were selected as a study area. A questionnaire was designed and distributed to a random sample of 150 respondents. The analytical descriptive method was used for analysis. Data analysis and testing were carried out using SPSS. Some of the most important outcomes of this study are: Human resource management practices such as compensation and benefits, employment, empowerment and human resources planning have a positive impact on innovation. Compensation, benefits, employment, training and development, also have a positive effect on creativity. Human resource management practices have a positive impact on training. The study recommends that giving the UAE banks the priority of human resource management practices is of great importance in their dimensions according to the scale of human resource management practices that are interested in achieving innovation and creativity for employees within the banks. The further studies are suggested related to human resources management practices and creativity and innovation because of their impact on achieving competitive advantage.

The word marketing is proposed as an organizational steps and a sequence of processes which creates communicates and deliver value to customers and maintains customer partnerships in order to provide advantages to the organization and its stake holders. According to Kotlar “Marketing is a social and managerial process by which individuals and groups obtain what they need and want through creating, offering and freely exchanging products and services of value with others”. Another marketing activity is rural marketing where one protagonist participant belongs to the rural area. This signifies that rural marketing comprises of input and output marketing of products or services between rural areas and other topographical areas. Such marketing is merchandise that has been specifically designed for the non-urban consumers along with the glossaries which in particular suits their needs and to make them acquainted about the products which they are not aware of. The motive of this paper is to know about the rural markets and the factors which affect the buying decision of rural consumers on HUL’s FMCG products. The paper attempts to comprehend the rural market, significance and present scenario of rural market in the context of FMCG products. The principal objective of the study is to analyze the strength and opportunities of HUL’s FMCG in rural markets of India especially in U.P. East and investigate various problems that are being encountered by the rural marketer.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the online apparel shopping behaviours of college students in a Cameroon context which include information search and purchase behavior.
Design/Methodology/Approaches: One of the non-probability sampling techniques termed convenience sampling was adopted as the sampling method for this research. As this research focuses on the population of Cameroon college/university students, the sample of this study is local college students who are currently pursuing Diploma or Degree studies. 121 responses have been gathered from college/university students who are currently pursuing diploma or degree courses at Catholic University Institute of Buea, Cameroon. Among these respondents, 46.3% are males (n=56) while 53.7% are females (n=65).
Findings: The present research had yielded fruitful results to understand the relationships between shopping orientations, gender, online information search and online purchase behavior on apparel products. To note, the influences of shopping orientations and gender have been found to be more significantly impactful on online information search on apparel products.
Originality/Value: This study’s research questions and methods are new to the line of Online Shopping Behaviours on Apparel Products in a Cameroon Context: Understanding the Relationships between Shopping Orientations, Gender, and Online Information Search and Online Purchase Behaviour.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine the overall experience of Facebook users and to identify the tactics that should be undertaken in order to improve user experience.
Design/Methodology/Approaches: The study basically consists of Quantitative Research method. Samples were selected based on quota sampling. The target population was chosen considering the objectives of this research. As a result, only those users who have ever used Facebook properties were considered as the possible respondents. The study is based on the students in Catholic University Institute of Buea (CUIB) and their friends on Facebook of some group members where 261 respondents replied, which include 10% (25) direct questionnaires in the School of Business of Catholic University Institute of Buea (CUIB) and 90% (236) internet questionnaires with Google.
Findings: The findings reveal that, Facebook is more appealing to female and teenagers in other words people at the educational level of undergraduate but these majority of users do not show highly addicted usage in terms of access duration per day into Facebook; Nonetheless, majority of the users surveyed are Facebook long time users which could be translated that current Facebook is still capable of maintaining the loyalty of their users.
Originality/Value: This study’s research questions and methods are new to the line of assessing the impact of User experience on the growth of Social Media in Cameroon.

Purpose: This study aims to offer management with a structured decision-making approach to manage the conflicting impacts of different variables on the distribution channel type.
Problem statement: Different variables may possibly have opposite impacts on channel’s type. When significant variables trigger the employment of direct channels, other significant variables may trigger indirect channels for the same product, leading to high complexity in channel decision making.
Design methodology approach: By means of a comprehensive survey covering 1400 retailers in Egypt and targeting three packaged milk categories, Structural Equation Modeling was used to group different variables, Logistic Regression was appliedto calculate the standardized beta coefficient of group variables.
Findings: Not all significant variables are equally important. Shelf life was found to be the most important variable with the highest standardized beta coefficient across 13 significant variables affecting distribution channel type.

This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the impact of various sociocultural factors on the attitude of the Algerian consumer towards insurance services; it analyzes the relationship between some independent variables, such as demographic, cultural and social factors, and the consumer attitude as the dependent variable in the Algerian insurance market.

The study is based on primary data collected from 260 users of insurance products, it used the survey method was used to build a scientific framework for this study. The data were analyzed using (SPSS) V21, (AMOS) V22 through Structural Equation modeling.

The result of this study indicates that the “religious factor” has negatively affected the attitude of Algerian consumer towards insurance products, were some insurance products conflict with religious values and beliefs of the Algerian consumer, while the (reference of family/friends) factor did not have an influence on the Algerian consumer attitude towards insurance services.