Clinical Gastroenterology Journal

Hemobilia: A Rare Cause of Upper Gasrointestinal Bleeding

Abstract

Deepak Kumar*

Hemobilia, the presence of blood within the biliary tract, is a rare but significant cause of upper Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. It can result from various etiologies, including trauma, hepatic procedures, bile duct malignancies, or spontaneous rupture of blood vessels in the biliary system. The clinical presentation often includes hematemesis, melena, or signs of shock, which can mimic other causes of upper GI bleeding, making diagnosis challenging. This condition may be suspected in patients with a history of liver disease, recent abdominal trauma, or invasive biliary procedures. Diagnosis is typically confirmed through imaging techniques such as Computed Tomography (CT) scan, Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), or Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Treatment options vary depending on the underlying cause and severity of bleeding and may include supportive care, endoscopic interventions, embolization, or surgery. Early recognition and appropriate management are crucial to prevent severe hemorrhagic complications. This review discusses the pathophysiology, diagnostic approach, and therapeutic strategies for hemobilia, emphasizing the importance of considering it in the differential diagnosis of unexplained upper GI bleeding. By raising awareness of this rare condition, we aim to improve timely diagnosis and clinical outcomes for affected patients.