Streptococcus pyogenes are associated with many bacterial diseases in both humans and animals and are capable of causing a multitude of human diseases. S. pyogenes isolates were identified by their bacitracin sensitivity, positive spy1258 detection, and positive GAS latex agglutination. Different isolates were typed serotypically and genotypically by BOX-PCR. Different virulence factors were identified in S. pyogenes isolates. In addition, antimicrobial resistance was tested to eleven different antibiotics. Furthermore, the resistance mechanisms were determined phenotypically by the disc diffusion method. Finally, the correlation between both molecular and serotypes identified and the profile of virulence factors and clinical and geographical sources was determined for all isolates. Thirty-eight S. pyogenes isolates were collected from different clinical sources. Resistance testing indicated high resistance to mostly used antibiotics except amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, amoxicillin, and ampicillin. Serotyping results indicated five different serotypes, M1, M2, M3, M4, and M6, in S. pyogenes isolates, while six isolates were identified as untypeable. In addition, positive PCR results identified most of the tested SAgs genes in which speJ gene was mostly identified followed by speI, speC, and ssa genes being identified in 81.6%, 63.3%, 60.5%, and 60.5%, respectively. However, speH was the least detected. In contrast, speL, speM, and smeZ genes could not be detected in all tested isolates. Finally, BOX-PCR molecular typing was a more effective clustering method when compared to the serotyping method in all S. pyogenes. In conclusion, the isolates in this study were highly resistant to mostly used antibiotics. M1 was the most identified serotype. No significant association was found between serotypes, BOX-PCR cluster groups, and SAgs genes profiles. However, by the application of BOX-PCR, effective molecular typing was obtained. S. pyogenes pathogens are not only associated with upper respiratory tract infections but also commonly identified among burns. In our study, S. pyogenes isolates were highly resistant to mostly used antibiotics, which is considered a serious issue affecting public health. M1 serotype was the most identified serotype among S. pyogenes isolates. All the isolates were cMLS phenotype. The results showed high genetic variation in SAgs gene profiles where 33 different profiles were produced. By the application of BOX-PCR, effective molecular typing covering highly virulent S. pyogenes strains was obtained.
Review Article: Accounting & Marketing
Review Article: Accounting & Marketing
Short Communication: Accounting & Marketing
Short Communication: Accounting & Marketing
Research Article: Accounting & Marketing
Research Article: Accounting & Marketing
Research Article: Accounting & Marketing
Research Article: Accounting & Marketing
Research Article: Accounting & Marketing
Research Article: Accounting & Marketing
Posters-Accepted Abstracts: Accounting & Marketing
Posters-Accepted Abstracts: Accounting & Marketing
Posters-Accepted Abstracts: Accounting & Marketing
Posters-Accepted Abstracts: Accounting & Marketing
Posters-Accepted Abstracts: Accounting & Marketing
Posters-Accepted Abstracts: Accounting & Marketing
Scientific Tracks Abstracts: Business and Economics Journal
Scientific Tracks Abstracts: Business and Economics Journal
Scientific Tracks Abstracts: Business and Economics Journal
Scientific Tracks Abstracts: Business and Economics Journal
Accounting & Marketing received 487 citations as per Google Scholar report
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