Jean-Marie Exbrayat, Claire Brun, Béatrice de Montera, Elara N Moudilou and Michel Raquet
Amphibians are anamniotic vertebrates having conquered the terrestrial environment. Their reproduction and development occur in water. After metamorphosis, the animal leaves the water to live on the ground. Yet, some species remain in the water and certain of them are viviparous. Since a long time, amphibians are used such as animal models to understand physiological or developmental mechanisms. Today, amphibians can be used such as excellent models to understand the importance of cell proliferation, differentiation and death throughout embryonic development. A second way concerns the importance of these phenomena in the organs subjected to very sharp variations, alternation of differentiation/dedifferentiation throughout the sexual cycle, according to external or experimental conditions. The importance of apoptosis and of the presence of calpains has been noted throughout embryonic development of Xenopus laevis. In several caecilians, the spectacular variations of oviducts throughout the sexual cycle are linked to seasonal alternations, and under the control of several hormones and their receptors.
In this review, an overview of works performed by our laboratory is given. The models used were the anuran Xenopus laevis in order to study the apoptosis from fertilization to metamorphosis and several caecilian amphibian species in order to understand the interactions of these phenomena during the alternation of differentiation/ dedifferentiation of the oviducts throughout the sexual cycle.
Even though Evan ’ s syndrome is idiopathic it can be associated with many other diseases including Polyglandular Autoimmune Syndromes (PGAS) and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. It is a rare syndrome manifested as autoimmune hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia. Since the underlying cause is autoimmune it can be presented as severe hemolytic anemia and many clusters of diseases which share a common pathogenesis. Here we present a case of a 32-year-old female patient with severe hemolytic anemia and found to be Evans syndrome with polyglandular involvement.
Rahman SA, Ajibola ES, Adeleye OE, Ayodele PF, Oyewole OM
Over the years, there have been various setbacks on drugs that have been used to manage diabetes. Hence, there are currently no effective methods to cure this pathology. This study compared the effects of the methanol seed extract of Fenugreek, with that of rosiglitazone, a synthetic anti-diabetic drug, on the levels of plasma glucose, aminotransferases, albumin, total protein and the hematological parameters of alloxan-induced diabetes in rats. 30 wistar albino rats were randomly assigned to 6 treatment groups. Group 1 rats received distilled water, Group 2 rats is the diabetic control; Group 3 consisted of diabetic rats treated with Fenugreek seeds extract 200 mg/kg. Group 4 contains diabetic rats treated with 400 mg/kg of Fenugreek seeds extract. Groups 5 and 6 were diabetic rats treated with 800mg/kg of the seeds extract and rosiglitazone 2 mg/kg respectively. At the end of 21 days of experimentation, the diabetic rats showed significant (p<0.05) increase in the levels of Serum albumin and total protein. Rosiglitazone caused reduction in ALT and ALP levels. At a dose of 800 mg/kg Fenugreek seeds extract significantly reduced the AST level of diabetic rats much more than that of the rosiglitazone and any other dose of the extract. Rosiglitazone at a dose of 2 mg/kg reduced the blood glucose of diabetic rats by 48% which is comparably higher than the 40% reduction brought about by 800 mg/kg of the extract. The ameliorative effect of the extract may be attributed to the antioxidant potential of the extract and other secondary metabolites present in it. Since Fenugreek seeds extract has comparably similar effect to rosiglitazone, it therefore has a potential in the therapeutic management of diabetes mellitus.
DOI: 10.37421/2684-494X.2023.8.56
Cytology, also known as cell biology or cellular biology, is the study of cells-their structure, function, and interactions with one another. Cytology is an important field of study because cells are the basic unit of life and are responsible for carrying out the functions necessary for an organism to survive and thrive. In this article, we will explore the history of cytology, the tools used in cytology, and some of the important discoveries that have been made in this field.
DOI: 10.37421/2684-494X.2023.8.57
Endocrinology is a branch of medicine that focuses on the study of hormones and their effects on the body. Hormones are chemical messengers that are produced by various glands in the body and are responsible for regulating numerous bodily functions, including growth and development, metabolism and reproductive processes. The field of endocrinology encompasses the study of hormones, their production and secretion, and their effects on the body's organs and tissues.
DOI: 10.37421/2684-494X.2023.8.58
Medical histology is the study of the microscopic structure of tissues and organs in the body. It plays a critical role in the diagnosis and management of a wide range of medical conditions. Here, we present a case of a patient who underwent a liver biopsy, which revealed a rare histological finding.
DOI: 10.37421/2684-494X.2023.8.59
Microscopic anatomy, also known as histology, is the study of the structure and function of tissues and organs at the cellular and molecular level. This field of study is essential for understanding the intricate details of how living organisms work, and has many practical applications in medicine, biology, and other fields. In my opinion, the importance of microscopic anatomy cannot be overstated.
DOI: 10.37421/2684-494X.2023.8.60
Bioenergetics is the study of how living organisms transform energy from one form to another. It is a fundamental concept in biology, as energy is essential for life processes, such as growth, movement, and reproduction. The main focus of bioenergetics is the mechanisms by which cells and organisms produce, store, and use energy.
