Sudipta Basu*, Anirban Goswami, Proloy Banerjee and Shreya Bhunia
In this article it is tried to construct a stochastic model which looks a generalized stochastic version of Von Bertalanffy power law model and Richard’s model and one can use to describe biological growth phenomena according to the appropriate situation and suitability of this model. It is mainly constructed to explain growth dynamics of patients infected by COVID-19 in South Korea. Here it is attempted to find the expression of variable of interest at time t and also the MLE of growth rate parameter is worked out. This model is applied to a real life data of infected patients by COVID-19 in South Korea after observing the growth pattern. This model could be used to the data sets of other countries, where no lockdown was imposed as a precautionary measure to deal with this situation. Then a comparative study is made between some well-known models and special cases of the model, described here. It is found that the special cases of the model that is described in this article fits better to the data than others.
DOI: 10.37421/2090-0902.2023.14.407
The transport of contaminants emanating from localized sources such as factories and agricultural farms in porous media, is of hydro dispersion phenomena, and has been the major subject for more than four decades. Because of industrial and agricultural activities, inorganic wastes mainly non-biodegradable substances from oil spills, human wastes, fertilizers among others, percolates through porous media and eventually find their way to water bodies and food crops in the farms. Some of these substances are harmful to human health and gets to our bodies through the water we drink or the food we eat. This research study aims to formulate a particle tracking mathematical model of contaminant flow through a porous media. The governing equation of three-dimensional concentration distribution in fluid flow through porous media has been formulated using advection-dispersion equation. This equation has been solved analytically and numerically using three-dimensional finite difference algorithm. Simulation to validate solutions is done using data from agricultural chemicals as the source point. Results confirm that the concentration of one time source of contaminant decreases as it diffuses away from the source point with respect to distance and time. The plume evolved horizontally and vertically, with peak concentration at the source, and decays further and downwards due to degradation, reaction and sorption. Particle concentration tracking shows that concentration of 100 mg/l at a point source decreases to 0 mg/l, after a distance of 300 m. For a toxic chemical like sulphur dioxide, glyphosate, and trinidol, if released from a point near borehole or food crops less than 300 m, the contaminant can be traced to the drinking water and edible parts of the crop and accumulation in the body may be carcinogenic or cause kidney and liver infections. We recommend that for water pollution minimization, and safe food crops, the source of contaminant should be more than 300 m. Additional reaction methods can be used to decompose the contaminant before reaching unwanted places.
DOI: 10.37421/2090-0902.2023.14.432
This study is conducted upon static mechanics. In physics, static mechanics is a field of statics. Through static mechanics, we investigate the mechanism of the universe via mathematical interpretations and axiomatic interpretations. We found that the universal mechanism is static; we mean: all motion of bodies’ celestial bodies, quantum bodies in the universe is still. The implication of this finding is that all motion in the universe is an illusion; there is no motion of bodies.
Luca Wei
Microfluidic devices have revolutionized fields such as chemistry, biology, and medicine by enabling the precise manipulation of small fluid volumes, often in the microliter or nanoliter range. These devices integrate multiple laboratory functions on a single chip, offering advantages such as reduced sample and reagent consumption, faster analysis times, and the ability to perform high-throughput experiments. However, one of the key challenges in microfluidic systems, particularly in applications involving optical detection, is the inherently short optical path length due to the small dimensions of the channels. This short path length can limit the sensitivity of detection techniques like absorbance spectroscopy, where the Beer-Lambert law dictates that the absorbance signal is proportional to the path length. To address this limitation, the concept of a multi-pass cell has been introduced, which effectively increases the optical path length within a microfluidic device. By reflecting light multiple times through the sample, a multi-pass cell can significantly enhance the detection sensitivity, making it a powerful tool for applications requiring precise optical measurements. This report explores the design, principles, and applications of multi-pass cells in microfluidic devices, along with the challenges and future prospects of this technology.
Dong Mark
Moiré superlattices, formed by stacking two-dimensional materials with a slight misalignment, have emerged as a fascinating area of research due to their unique electronic and optical properties. These superlattices offer promising opportunities for enhancing catalytic processes. This commentary explores the emerging field of moiré superlattices in 2D materials, focusing on their potential applications in catalysis. It highlights key developments, discusses the mechanisms underlying their catalytic properties, and examines the implications for future research and practical applications. The study of moiré superlattices—patterns that emerge when two periodic structures are overlaid with a slight rotational misalignment—has gained significant attention in recent years. When applied to 2D materials such as graphene, hexagonal boron nitride and transition metal dichalcogenides. superlattices exhibit intriguing properties that can be exploited for various technological applications.
Yang Blum
Estimating the attraction domain for quantum systems is crucial for understanding the stability and behavior of particles within potential fields. This domain, which defines the region within which particles are bound by the potential, is central to various applications in quantum mechanics, including molecular modeling, material science, and nanotechnology. The Schrödinger equation, a foundational tool in quantum mechanics, provides a framework for analyzing these systems. This commentary explores the estimation of the attraction domain for quantum systems based on the Schrödinger equation, discussing theoretical foundations, methodologies, recent advances, and future directions. In quantum mechanics, the attraction domain refers to the spatial region within which a particle is bound by a potential well. Understanding this domain is essential for predicting the behavior of quantum systems, including the formation of bound states, resonance phenomena, and stability of configurations. The Schrödinger equation, the cornerstone of quantum mechanics, is instrumental in analyzing these systems by describing how the quantum state of a particle evolves in the presence of a potential.
Jiang Zhou
The diffraction limit, a fundamental constraint imposed by wave optics, has long been a challenge in optical sensing and imaging. Traditionally, this limit, which restricts the resolution of optical systems, has been seen as an insurmountable barrier in various applications, from microscopy to interferometry. However, recent advancements in optical sensing techniques, particularly those leveraging intensity-product-based approaches, offer promising avenues for surpassing this limitation. In this opinion article, I explore the potential of intensity-product optical sensing to overcome the diffraction limit in interferometry, evaluate its current status, and discuss the future implications of this technology. The diffraction limit arises from the fundamental properties of light waves, which dictate that the smallest resolvable feature is proportional to the wavelength of light divided by the numerical aperture of the optical system. This limit, described by the Rayleigh criterion, sets a lower bound on the spatial resolution achievable with conventional optical methods.
Tim Román
The Lee–Naughton–Lebed angular effect, observed in intense electric fields, has emerged as a significant phenomenon in quantum mechanics. This effect, characterized by changes in the angular distribution of particles under strong electric fields, offers valuable insights into the behavior of quantum systems in extreme conditions. Understanding the quantum theory behind the LNL angular effect is crucial for advancing our knowledge in various fields, including atomic, molecular, and optical physics. In this opinion article, I explore the theoretical framework of the LNL angular effect, its implications, and future directions in the study of intense electric fields. The LNL angular effect refers to the observed deviation in the angular distribution of particles, such as atoms or molecules, when exposed to intense electric fields. This phenomenon is fundamentally linked to quantum mechanical principles, where the interaction between particles and external fields alters their behavior. The classical picture of particle motion under an electric field involves straightforward deflections due to the field's force. However, quantum mechanics introduces a more nuanced understanding, where the field influences the wavefunctions of particles, leading to complex changes in their angular distributions.
Shen Rag
The concept of duality has long been a cornerstone in the exact sciences, providing a framework for understanding complex phenomena through different yet complementary perspectives. In mathematics and physics, duality reveals deep connections between seemingly disparate theories, often leading to profound insights and new directions in research. One particularly compelling application of duality is in quantum mechanics, where it manifests in various forms, including wave-particle duality, the duality between position and momentum, and the relationship between classical and quantum descriptions. In this opinion article, I explore the fundamental duality in the exact sciences, focusing on its application to quantum mechanics and discussing its implications, challenges, and future directions.
Sayan Fazio
Atomic quantum technologies are rapidly emerging as powerful tools in the realm of quantum matter and fundamental physics. By leveraging the unique properties of atomic systems—such as superposition, entanglement, and coherence—these technologies offer unprecedented capabilities for exploring and manipulating quantum phenomena. In this perspective article, I explore the current state and future potential of atomic quantum technologies, emphasizing their applications in quantum matter research and fundamental physics. Through this exploration, I aim to provide insights into how these technologies are shaping the landscape of scientific inquiry and technological innovation. Atomic quantum technologies rely on the precise control of atoms and their interactions. Atoms can be manipulated using techniques such as laser cooling and trapping, which enable scientists to create ultra-cold atomic systems with remarkable precision. These systems serve as the foundation for various quantum technologies, including quantum computing, quantum simulation, and quantum sensing.
Zúñiga Menon
The growing global demand for renewable energy has led to increased interest in solar energy technologies, particularly in the domain of solar thermal power generation. Solar concentrators, which focus sunlight onto a small area to generate high temperatures, play a crucial role in this field. Among the various types of solar concentrators, Linear Fresnel Concentrators stand out due to their simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and adaptability. The performance of LFCs heavily depends on the geometrical aspects of their optical design, which influences the concentration of sunlight and, consequently, the efficiency of the system. This review focuses on the geometrical optics of LFCs, highlighting key design parameters, efficiency considerations, and future trends. Linear Fresnel Concentrators are a type of solar concentrator that uses multiple flat or slightly curved mirrors (also known as facets) arranged in parallel rows to focus sunlight onto a linear receiver positioned above the mirrors. The receiver, which typically contains a heat-absorbing fluid, is heated by the concentrated sunlight, producing thermal energy that can be converted into electricity.
John Franklin Ogilvie
We consider the quantum aspects of chemical and physical observations and practices, including quantum physics, quantum mechanics, quantum chemistry and the quantum laws of nature. The technical term quantum implies discrete -- the discreteness of a physical entity or an observable property. This term might appear in four legitimate scientific contexts -- quantum physics, quantum mechanics, quantum chemistry and quantum laws. As an extension of a previous report, we consider briefly each in turn.
Physics-based image formation models enable computationally obtaining meaningful information by processing other forms of information which can be acquired through measurements. In practical situations however, the inner functionalities of the system which create the impulse response function are usually unknown, and due to noise, measurements are unreliable. Before Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) taking over, Compressed Sensing (CS) techniques were primarily being used to address this lack of information by imposing assumptions into the problem. But this switch to DNNs came with the price of mass data acquisition for training to leap over the never-ending problem of algorithmic fidelity in CS methods. Recently, deep image prior and untrained or semi-trained networks, while leveraging the power of DNNs and algorithms, have become successful to be considered as potential answers to the desire of finding a cost-efficient yet powerful solution. In this paper, we briefly have a look at the recent breakthroughs conducted over this concept to solve various imaging problems.
Physical Mathematics received 686 citations as per Google Scholar report
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