Brief Report - (2022) Volume 11, Issue 1
Received: 04-Jan-2022, Manuscript No. jees-22-64216;
Editor assigned: 06-Jan-2022, Pre QC No. P-64216;
Reviewed: 17-Jan-2022, QC No. Q-64216;
Revised: 22-Jan-2022, Manuscript No. R-64216;
Published:
29-Jan-2022
, DOI: 10.37421/2332-0796.2022.11.02
Citation: James, Olivia. “Brief Report on Dielectric Ingredients.” J Electr Electron Syst 11 (2022): 02.
Copyright: © 2022 James O. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the creative commons attribution license which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Materials are categorized as conductors, insulators and semiconductors based on their electrical conducting properties. Every material is made up of molecules which in turn made up of atoms. When subjected to electric field these atoms in the material undergoes certain displacements and changes in properties. In October 1745, an experiment done by Ewald Georg von Kleist of Germany by connecting a high voltage electrostatic generator to a volume of water collected in a handheld jar using a wire showed that charge can be stored. Using this phenomenon, Pieter van Musschenbroek invented the first capacitor called “Leyden Jar”. The new material property that backed this invention was “Dielectric”.
Every material is made up of atoms. Atoms contain both negatively and positively charged particles. The central nucleus of the atom is positively charged. In any material, the atoms are arranged as dipoles represented with a positive and negative charge on its end. When these materials are subjected to electric field dipole moment takes place. A conductor material starts conducting when electricity is applied. An insulator opposes the flow of electricity as it does not have any free moving electrons in its structure. But Dielectric is a special type of insulator that does not conduct electricity but gets polarized when subjected to electricity.
Polarization in dielectric
In Dielectric materials, when subjected to the electric field the positive charges present in the material gets displaced in the direction of the applied electric field. The negative charges are shifted in the direction opposite to the applied electric field. This leads to Dielectric polarization. In dielectric material, electric charges do not flow through the material. Polarization reduces the overall field of the dielectric.
Properties of dielectric
The term Dielectric was first introduced by William Wheel. It is the combination of two words `Dia` and `electric`. The electrical conductivity of a perfect dielectric is zero. A dielectric stores and dissipates the electrical energy similar to an ideal capacitor. Some of the main properties of a Dielectric material are Electric Susceptibility, Dielectric polarization, Dielectric dispersion, Dielectric relaxation, Tenability, How easily a dielectric material can be polarized when subjected to an electric field is measured by the electric susceptibility. This quantity also determines the electric permeability of the material. The electric dipole moment is a measure of the separation of negative and positive charges in a system. The relationship between the dipole moment (M) and the electric field (E) leads to the properties of the dielectric. When the applied electric field is removed, the atom returns to its original state. This happens in a way of exponential decay. The time it takes for an atom to return to its original state is called relaxation time. There are two factors that decide the polarization of dielectric. They are the formation of dipole moment and their orientation relative to the electric field. Based on the elementary dipole type there can be either electronic polarization or ionic polarization. Electronic polarization occurs when the dielectric molecules forming the dipole moment are composed of neutral particles.
Ionic polarization Pi and digital polarization each are unbiased of temperature. Permanent dipole moments are produced within side the molecules whilst there may be an asymmetrical distribution of price among one of a kind atoms. In such cases, orientation polarization Po is determined. If a unfastened price is gift with inside the dielectric fabric it'd cause the Space price polarization Ps. The general polarization of dielectric includes these types of mechanisms. Thus the whole polarization of the dielectric fabric is
Dielectric dispersion
The rest time varies for one of a kind polarization processes. Electronic polarization may be very fast observed through ionic polarization. Orientation polarization is slower than ionic polarization. Space price polarization may be very slow. When better electric powered fields are implemented, the insulator begins off evolved accomplishing and behaves as a conductor. In such conditions, dielectric substances lose their dielectric properties. This phenomenon is called Dielectric Breakdown. It is an irreversible method. This results in the failure of dielectric substances.
Types of dielectric material
Dielectrics are categorised primarily based totally at the sort of molecule gift withinside the fabric. There are sorts of dielectrics -Polar dielectrics and Non-polar dielectrics [1-5].
In polar dielectrics, the middle of mass of high-quality debris does now no longer coincide with the middle of mass of bad debris. Here the dipole second exists. The molecules are asymmetrical in shape. When the electrical subject is implemented the molecules align themselves with the electrical subject. When the electrical subject is eliminated random dipole second is determined and the internet dipole second withinside the molecules turn into zero. Examples are H2O, CO2, etc.
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