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Empiric Antibiotic Regimens and the Incidence of Acute Kidney Injury in Hospitalized Black Patients

Andrew A Yabusaki*

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The selection of inpatient empiric antibiotic regimens is a significant challenge for hospitalists and clinicians today. Much is known about the increased incidence of acute kidney injury associated with the use of vancomycin and piperacillin-tazobactam in combination compared to vancomycin and other beta-lactam combinations. What is less clear is the incidence of antibiotic associated acute kidney injury and outcomes in Black patients. Incidence rates of acute kidney injury are already known to be higher in Black patients compared to white patients, which makes extrapolating the risks of antibiotic associated acute kidney injury challenging. In addition, only one research paper has included a study population with greater than 50% Black patients.

Research Article Pages: 1 - 4

Medicinal Importance of Leaves Extracts of Albizia Procera (Roxb.) Benth., in Sudan against Some Bacterial Pathogens Infected Human and Animal

Reem Rabie Mohammed Salih* and Haytham Hashim Gibreel

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The aim of this study is to evaluate antimicrobial effect leaves aqueous extracts against human and animal infectious bacterial strains. The leaves were air-dried, powdered and water extracted at concentration of 0.2 g/ml, 0.4 g/ml and 0.5 g/ml and were tested aginst different bacterial pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia and Salmonella dublin); the antibacterial assay carried using agar diffusion method. Data of antimicrobial effect (inhibition zone in “cm”) was subjected to analysis of variance using SAS software where Duncan Multiple Range Test was used for means separation at P=0.05. The results indicated that, leaves of the species showed antimicrobial potential at tested concentrations (0.2, 0.4 and 0.5 g/ml). The results of analysis of variance indicated that, the diameter (cm) of inhibitory zone within the studied bacterial strains increases significantly as concentration increased. The lowest average inhibitory zone (cm) was 1.4 ± 0.07 recorded in Salmonella dublin at low concentration (0.2 g/ml), while 1.9 ± 0.05 (cm), 1.9 ± 0.06 (cm) and 1.9 ± 0.07 (cm) were the highest average inhibitory zone obtained by application of 0.5 g/ml leaves aqueous extract against Escherichia coli, Staph aureus and Staph epidermidis respectively.

Research Article Pages: 1 - 6

Antifungal Activity Evaluation of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Fe(III) Mixed Ligand Complexes with Different Schiff Bases

M. M El-ajaily, M. M. Miloud, T. H. Al-noor, R. K. Mohapatra, N. S. Al-barki

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A Schiff base (HL1), namely; [(S, Z)-2-((2-hydroxy-1-phenylethylidene) amino)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propanoic acid] was synthesized by the condensation of 2-hydroxyacetophenone with an amino acid (L-Tyrosine) for one hour. Whereas, the other Schiff base (HL2), namely; (E)-4-((2-(2, 4-dinitrophenyl) hydrazono) methyl)-N, N-dimethylaniline] was synthesized by refluxing 4- dimethylaminobenzaldehyde and 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazine for one hour. The first Schiff base (HL1) used ad primary ligand and the second one is used as secondary ligand to form five mixed ligand complexes with Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Fe(III) ions. The synthesized mixed ligand complexes were subjected to several physiochemical techniques, in terms; CHN elemental analyses, molar conductivity, magnetic moments and spectroscopic tools (FT-IR, 1HNMR, electronic, E.P.R and mass spectra). The analytical and spectroscopic data showed the presence of an octahedral geometry for all the mixed ligand complexes. The free Schiff bases, metal salts and mixed ligand complexes were tested for their antifungal activities on some pathogenic fungi species [A. niger, A. flavus, Alternaria alternata, Rhizopus stolonifer].

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