Water Desalination Systems that Use Renewable Energy Sources to Store Energy

Mohammed Khayyum^*
*Correspondence: Mohammed Khayyum, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Florida International University, Miami, USA, Email:

Introduction

In a number of nations, water desalination (WD) has recently become necessary for the supply of drinking water. To get rid of bad salts, various WD technologies use a lot of thermal and/or electrical energy. Renewable energy resources (RERs) like geothermal, solar, tidal, wind and others are currently used in desalination systems. Renewable energy's wide range of applications are constrained by its intermittent nature and variable intensity; consequently, energy storage systems (ESSs) and WD have been incorporated into numerous locations. Thermal energy storage (TES) reuses energy by requiring a convenient storage medium. The methods and technologies of WD are welldocumented in this work. In addition, the ideas behind electrical and thermal energy storage are discussed. Additionally, a comprehensive analysis of the use of ESSs in various RER-driven WD processes is presented. When compared to conv, the ability to integrate energy storage with renewable energy-based water desalination systems (WDSs) is significantly superior, both economically and environmentally.

Description

Due to severe overpopulation and the pollution of the underground and river fresh water resources by industrial waste, the global shortage of fresh water poses a huge threat in the near future. One of the most pivotal answers for keep away from this risk is another stock of clean drinking water. The use of WD technologies is a successful solution to the shortage of potable water because seawater contains nearly 97% of accessible water resources. WD is a method that effectively removes dissolved salts to meet the rising demand for drinking water. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the acceptable salinity range for drinking water is between 500 and 1000 parts per million. Most of the time, WD is done mechanically through membrane distillation or thermally through seawater evaporation. Otherwise, there are a number of risks associated with large-scale WD projects that should be carefully considered when determining the system's viability. The thermal and membrane versions of the various water desalination processes (WDPs) are discussed [1].

The warm interaction contains humidification-dehumidification (HDH), sun based stills (SS), fume pressure (VC), multi-stage streak (MSF) and multiimpact refining (Prescription); Electrodialysis and reverse osmosis (RO) are two membrane methods. Overall, nearly 35% of global systems use thermal WDP, while nearly 61% use RO technology. Low-grade and high-grade energies generally fall under the categories of waste heat sources. Various plant processes recover high-quality waste heat sources; However, the low-grade sources are essentially rejected into the environment and cannot be recovered economically. The primary cause of thermal energy losses in industrial processes like the refining of petroleum, petrochemicals, beverages and food, pulp and paper, textiles and so on is waste heat, which can be of low or high quality. Warm strategies for WD frameworks might be for an enormous scope combined with modern applications in view of the usage of waste intensity or limited scope frameworks coordinated with electric radiators in light of petroleum products or sustainable power assets (RERs). Industrial-based large-scale water desalination plants, such as, we looked at MSF, MED and RO, all of which have relatively high water productivity [2].

By joining the fresh water and energy frameworks, new options for increasing resource efficiency can be identified. For water desalination systems (WDSs) to identify and take advantage of energy-demanding opportunities, it is essential to have a thorough understanding of the current arrangement of energy and water in WDSs. Refining petroleum products and cooling power plant condensers both require water. Additionally, WD requires energy for wastewater treatment, purification, conveyance and final use pumping. In a lot of places all over the world, new information based on incorporating energy and water was presented. In addition, the emerging issue of a multi-plant companion to cost-effective energy and water implementation was discussed. RERs like solar, wind and tidal energy, among others, could provide the required energy for WDSs. The HDH process is one of WD's most used technologies. Utilizing fans and pumps to move water and air, HDH systems use very little mechanical energy because they operate at a low pressure. The ability to function in lowtemperature conditions, ease of construction, low initial and operating costs and integration with sustainable RERs are just a few of the advantages of HDH techniques [3].

In the beginning, non-renewable energy-based resources were used to acquire desalination systems, which required depleting 10,000 tons of oil annually to produce 1000 m3 of drinking water that was desalinated. The advancement of sustainable development is put in jeopardy by the depletion of fossil fuel reserves, the rise in greenhouse gas emissions and these systems. As a result, thermal WD technology relies on renewable energy to provide thermal energy. Renewable energy has a growing tendency to offer numerous advantages over conventional energy sources. Solar energy seems like a good option for providing the needed thermal energy, especially in places with a lot of solar irradiation and not enough clean water. In thermal WDSs powered by solar energy, seawater absorbs solar energy from the sun and then evaporates as clean water droplets from the ocean's surface. Finally, the accumulating clouds condense into rain, which provides clean drinking water [4,5].

Conclusion

Pressure retarded osmosis (PRO), which may be beneficial for recycling RO brine, is one of the promising recent technologies for water desalination and power generation that has been extensively implemented. For the most part, the Genius cycle has enormously developed starting around 1973 because of the quick advances in layer innovations. The membrane and a hydro turbine that convert hydraulic energy into electric energy make up the majority of PRO. It has an extraordinary trademark where the waste stream can be reused as a feed supply into the Expert framework. The selection of a suitable membrane with reasonable mechanical stability, high salt rejection and high water permeability was initially the primary obstacle to the development of PRO techniques.

Acknowledgement

None.

Conflict of Interest

None.

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