Understanding and Managing Dandruff: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment and Prevention

John Rojas^*
*Correspondence: John Rojas, Department of Health Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, São Mateus 29932-540, Brazil, Email:

Introduction

Dandruff is a common skin condition that affects the scalp. It causes flakes of dead skin cells to appear on the scalp and in the hair, which can be unsightly and sometimes itchy. While dandruff is not a serious condition, it can be embarrassing and uncomfortable for those who suffer from it [1].

Description

What causes dandruff?

Dandruff is caused by a variety of factors, including:

1. Yeast overgrowth: The most common cause of dandruff is an overgrowth of yeast on the scalp. The yeast feeds on the natural oils produced by the scalp, causing an increase in the production of skin cells, which in turn leads to dandruff.

2. Dry skin: Dandruff can also be caused by dry skin on the scalp. This is more common in the winter months when the air is dry and cold and the skin is prone to drying out.

3. Oily skin: On the other hand, dandruff can also be caused by oily skin on the scalp. This is because the excess oil can trap dead skin cells on the scalp, leading to the formation of dandruff.

4. Skin conditions: Certain skin conditions, such as psoriasis and seborrheic dermatitis, can also cause dandruff. These conditions cause the skin on the scalp to become inflamed and irritated, leading to the formation of dandruff.

Symptoms of dandruff

The most obvious symptom of dandruff is the appearance of flakes of dead skin cells on the scalp and in the hair. These flakes can be white or yellowish in color and are often accompanied by itching and a dry, tight feeling on the scalp. In addition to the appearance of flakes, dandruff can also cause redness and inflammation on the scalp, as well as small bumps or pimples. These symptoms can be uncomfortable and may even cause hair loss if left untreated [2-5].

Treatment of dandruff

There are several treatments available for dandruff, including:

1. Over-the-counter shampoos: There are several types of shampoos available over-the-counter that are designed to treat dandruff. These shampoos typically contain ingredients like salicylic acid, coal tar, or ketoconazole, which can help to reduce the production of skin cells on the scalp.

2. Prescription medications: In more severe cases of dandruff, prescription medications may be necessary. These medications may include topical creams or oral medications that can help to reduce inflammation and regulate the production of skin cells on the scalp.

3. Home remedies: There are several home remedies that can be effective in treating dandruff, including applying tea tree oil, aloe vera, or apple cider vinegar to the scalp. These remedies can help to reduce inflammation and soothe the scalp, which can help to alleviate symptoms of dandruff.

Prevention of dandruff

While there is no guaranteed way to prevent dandruff, there are several steps that can be taken to reduce the risk of developing it:

1. Maintain good hygiene: Good hygiene is essential for maintaining a healthy scalp. This includes washing the hair regularly with a mild shampoo, avoiding harsh chemicals and hair treatments and keeping the scalp clean and dry.

2. Use a gentle shampoo: Using a gentle shampoo can help to reduce the risk of developing dandruff. Look for shampoos that are designed for sensitive skin and avoid those that contain harsh chemicals like sulfates and parabens.

3. Reduce stress: Stress can have a negative impact on the immune system, which can increase the risk of developing dandruff. Reducing stress through activities like exercise, meditation, or yoga can help to keep the immune system healthy and reduce the risk of developing dandruff.

Conclusion

Just a small number of research, meanwhile, have been conducted on its potential application in cosmetics. For instance, the majority of research discussed the use of antimicrobial capabilities in treating personal health issues and illnesses including acne and dandruff. In order to help researchers and businesspeople choose A. indica derivatives as novel cosmetic ingredients, we have summarised not only the most popular cosmetic claims to treat acne but also those for mitigating other skin disorders related to inflammatory and oxidant processes in recent in vivo studies and patents.

Acknowledgement

None.

Conflict of Interest

No conflict of interest.

References

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