Prostate malignant growth is the most widely recognized disease in men in the United Realm (UK), with more than 42,000 men being determined to have the condition each year. It is the second most normal malignant growth in men around the world. More than 1.1 million instances of prostate disease were analyzed in 2012. Ðe utilization of 3rostDte-6 Antigen (PSA) testing has prompted a general expansion in the frequency of prostate malignant growth rates. Its utilization has likewise brought about the early location of a huge number of limited prostate disease cases, which don't represent a danger to patients' wellbeing or lives.
Pembrolizumab, an enemy of customized passing 1 (PD-1) monoclonal neutralizer, has been supported as a first-line treatment for metastatic non-little cell cellular breakdown in the lungs (NSCLC), both as monotherapy [in patients with NSCLC communicating modified demise ligand 1 (PD-L1) and without sharpening EGFR/ALK genomic aberrations] and joined with platinum-based chemotherapy (pemetrexed–platinum in patients with metastatic nonsquamous NSCLC without sharpening EGFR/ALK genomic abnormalities; carboplatin and paclitaxel or grab paclitaxel protein-bound in patients with metastatic squamous NSCLC)
Colorectal malignancy (CRC) is the third driving reason for disease related demise in the United States, with an expected 135 430 new cases and 50 260 malignancy related passings yearly. Albeit the occurrence and infection explicit mortality has bit by bit declined in the course of recent many years, late investigations depict an upsetting pattern of an expanded frequency in more youthful (<50 years) people [1]. Most of patients determined to have metastatic colorectal malignant growth (mCRC) have serious sickness, except for those with oligometastatic illness, for which fruitful careful or ablative intercessions and foundational treatment has yielded 5-year and 10-year endurance paces of around 40% and 20%, individually. For any remaining patients with mCRC, the utilization of blend foundational treatments and ideal steady consideration has created significant enhancements in mortality, with the middle generally endurance (OS) presently surpassing 30 months. Notwithstanding, with a general 5-year endurance of just around 20%, there stays a lot of opportunity to get better with restorative strategies.In late years, there have been considerable headways in our comprehension of the convergence between have insusceptible reconnaissance and tumorigenesis.
Shaina Sedighim, Alexander Gaidarski, Talia Kamdjou, Simon Dadoun, Samantha Linhares*, Andrew Rosenberg and Mecker G. Möller
Maira Zia*, Elin Lundström, Johanna Mårtensson, Mark Lubberink, Aglaia Schiza and Anders Sundin
DOI: 10.37421/2577-0535.2022.7.006
RECIST 1.1 tumour size measurements on CT/MRI are the mainstay of cancer therapy monitoring. However, bone metastases are consistently difficult to evaluate for hormonal therapy response often escaping CT detection. This study aimed to assess dynamic and static [18F]sodium fluoride-([18F]NaF)-PET/MRI by combining standardized uptake value (SUV) and net influx rate (Ki) from PET with the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), proton density fat fraction (PDFF) and effective transverse relaxation rate (R2*) from MRI for monitoring hormonal therapy effect on bone metastases. In this prospective study, three breast cancer patients underwent a 60-minute dynamic whole-body [18F]NaF-PET/MRI before and after hormonal therapy. In PET images, pelvic and spine metastases (approx. n=10/patient) with high/intermediate uptake were delineated by applying an adaptive threshold algorithm to provide SUVmean and SUVmax. Pharmacokinetic modeling was performed and Ki was calculated using a two-tissue reversible model. VOI measurements of ADC, PDFF and R2* utilized the OLEA medical software. The changes between baseline and follow-up data were calculated, statistically analysed and utilized linear regression. [18F]NaF-PET/MRI provided a powerful method for monitoring hormonal therapy response in breast cancer bone metastases as reflected by decreases in SUV and Ki. MRI parameters showed changes consistent with therapy response, although only R2* reached statistical significance.
Hillary Fitzgerald*, Harkiran Sandhu, Claudio Tombazzi, Danika Paulo, Stacey Tillman, Sumathi Misra, Hamid Shah and Mohana Karlekar
Purpose: Poorly controlled pain is a significant quality of life issue for patients with advanced cancer. Patients often suffer from uncontrolled pain or intolerable side effects of treatment despite receiving multi-modal care with stepwise escalation of opioids. Interventional procedures impacting central pain pathways have demonstrated promise in treating pharmacologically intractable cancer pain and may be underutilized, especially in patients with escalating opioid use. The aim of this study was to assess effectiveness of bilateral anterior cingulotomy a minimally invasive neurosurgical procedure in patients with refractory malignant cancer pain through describing opioid use trends pre- and post-procedure and by comparing pain scores.
Methods: This is a retrospective review of a case series of six patients with refractory malignant pain who underwent bilateral anterior cingulotomy. Response to procedure was measured by percent change of pain scores and average daily opioid dose reduction. In addition, demographics, oncologic history, discharge disposition, survival time post-procedure, and complications were reported.
Results: Six unique patients underwent seven total procedures between 2019-2022. Average daily OME (oral morphine equivalent) dose 48 hours prior to procedure was 4411 mg. At discharge, average daily OME dose was 250 mg, an 89% dose reduction from 48 hours prior to procedure. Pain scores reduced by 43% during this same time period.
Conclusion: Cingulotomy effectively reduced pain scores with a concurrent reduction in opioid dosing in our cohort of patients with medically refractory malignant cancer pain. Further research is warranted to identify advanced cancer patients who may benefit most from this procedure and inform clinical adoption.
Taolan Zhang*
Quint Ela
DOI: 10.37421/2577-0535.2024.9.248
Pharmacogenomics and pharmacogenetics are burgeoning fields that aim to personalize medicine by tailoring drug treatments based on individual genetic profiles. In osteosarcoma, the most common primary malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents, understanding genetic variations that affect drug response can significantly improve therapeutic outcomes. This article explores the translational studies and clinical impacts of pharmacogenomics and pharmacogenetics in osteosarcoma. It delves into the molecular underpinnings of the disease, reviews current literature on genetic markers associated with drug response, and discusses how these findings can be integrated into clinical practice to enhance treatment efficacy and reduce adverse effects. The convergence of genetic research and clinical application holds promise for more effective and individualized treatments for osteosarcoma patients.
DOI: 10.37421/2577-0535.2024.9.249
Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors, originally developed for managing diabetes mellitus, have recently garnered attention for their potential anti-cancer properties. This comprehensive review explores the mechanisms of action of SGLT-2 inhibitors and examines emerging novel perspectives on their role in cancer treatment. We delve into the metabolic alterations induced by these inhibitors, their impact on the tumor microenvironment, and their effects on cancer cell proliferation and survival. Furthermore, we discuss recent preclinical and clinical studies highlighting the therapeutic potential of SGLT-2 inhibitors in various cancer types. This article aims to provide a holistic understanding of the current state of research and future directions for SGLT-2 inhibitors in oncology.
DOI: 10.37421/2577-0535.2024.9.250
Pazopanib, an oral angiogenesis inhibitor, has emerged as a critical therapeutic agent for advanced soft tissue and bone sarcoma, offering a novel mechanism of action through targeting Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) receptors. This article delves into the real-world experiences of patients in Northern California who have been treated with Pazopanib for advanced sarcoma. The study integrates clinical outcomes, patient experiences, and healthcare professional insights to provide a comprehensive understanding of the drug's efficacy and safety outside the controlled settings of clinical trials. Through a detailed literature review, the discussion of findings, and the consideration of practical implications, this article aims to contribute to the growing body of evidence supporting the use of Pazopanib in diverse clinical scenarios.
DOI: 10.37421/2577-0535.2024.9.251
DOI: 10.37421/2577-0535.2024.9.252
DOI: 10.37421/2577-0535.2024.9.253
DOI: 10.37421/2577-0535.2024.9.254
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs) have emerged as a groundbreaking therapeutic modality in the field of oncology, offering new hope for patients with various types of cancer, including gynecological malignancies. These inhibitors target immune checkpoints, key regulators of the immune system, to enhance the body's antitumor response. This article provides an extensive overview of the role of ICIs in the treatment of gynecological cancers, including cervical, ovarian, and endometrial cancers. It discusses the mechanism of action, clinical efficacy, ongoing research, and future prospects of these therapies. The literature review highlights key clinical trials and studies that have shaped the current understanding of ICIs in gynecological oncology. Furthermore, the discussion section addresses the challenges, limitations, and potential strategies to overcome these obstacles. The conclusion emphasizes the significance of continued research and personalized approaches in optimizing the use of ICIs for gynecological cancer patients.
DOI: 10.37421/2577-0535.2024.9.255
Journal of Cancer Clinical Trials received 95 citations as per Google Scholar report
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