Molecular Biology: Open Access

Single-molecule switches, capable of modulating electronic properties on a nanoscale, hold immense promise for the development of nextgeneration electronics and molecular devices. Ladder-type conjugated molecules have emerged as a particularly intriguing class of compounds for this purpose. Their unique structural features, including extended conjugation and intramolecular charge transfer, enable the realization of robust multi-state switching behavior at the single-molecule level. This article explores the recent advancements in the design, synthesis, and characterization of ladder-type conjugated molecules as versatile single-molecule switches. Ladder-type conjugated molecules possess a distinctive ladder-like structure, with multiple aromatic rings connected by cross-conjugated bonds. This arrangement promotes efficient charge delocalization along the molecular backbone, leading to enhanced electronic communication between different segments.

Fulvic acid is a natural organic acid that is derived from humic substances found in soil, water, and sediment. Fulvic acid is a complex mixture of molecules that includes a range of organic acids, amino acids, and other organic compounds. It is known for its ability to chelate metals and improve nutrient uptake in plants and has been used as a fertilizer and soil amendment for many years. Coal-based fulvic acid is a commercial product that is derived from the coalification of lignite. It is used as a soil conditioner and fertilizer, and is marketed under a range of brand names. Despite its widespread use, the molecular structure of CFA is not well understood. In this article, we will discuss the establishment of a molecular structure model for classified products of CFA.

Scotch whisky is a renowned alcoholic beverage known for its complex flavor profile, which arises from the interaction of various volatile flavor molecules with the sensory receptors. In this study, we employ molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the behavior of flavor molecules in Scotch whisky at the molecular level. By simulating the dynamic interactions between these molecules and their environment, we aim to gain insights into the factors that contribute to the aroma and taste of Scotch whisky. This knowledge can inform the development of improved production processes and aid in the design of flavor-enhancing strategies. Scotch whisky is a complex mixture of volatile compounds that contribute to its distinctive aroma and flavor. These compounds include aldehydes, esters, ketones, phenols, and other flavor-active molecules.

Ferroelectric materials are materials that exhibit a spontaneous electric polarization in the absence of an external electric field. These materials are of great interest for applications in electronic devices such as memory storage, data processing, and sensing. The study of ferroelectric materials has been a subject of intense research in recent years. Theoretical and computational methods have played a significant role in the understanding of the properties and behavior of these materials. Molecular dynamics simulations are a powerful tool for the study of ferroelectric materials. In this article, we will discuss the use of molecular dynamics simulations to study the ferroelectric properties of diisopropyl- ammonium halide molecular crystals.