Opinion - (2025) Volume 14, Issue 6
Received: 01-Nov-2025, Manuscript No. VTE-26-180138;
Editor assigned: 03-Nov-2025, Pre QC No. P-180138;
Reviewed: 17-Nov-2025, QC No. Q-180138;
Revised: 24-Nov-2025, Manuscript No. R-180138;
Published:
29-Nov-2025
, DOI: 10.37421/2376-1318.2025.14.403
Citation: El-Sayed, Ahmed. ”Vitamins and Minerals: Key for Cardiovascular Health.” Vitam Miner 14 (2025):403.
Copyright: © 2025 El-Sayed A. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a leading cause of mortality globally, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of its multifactorial etiology and preventative strategies. Emerging research increasingly highlights the pivotal role of micronutrients in maintaining cardiovascular health and mitigating disease risk. This review aims to synthesize current knowledge regarding the impact of various vitamins and minerals on the cardiovascular system. Specifically, the crucial role of vitamins and minerals in preventing cardiovascular disease (CVD) is explored. The discussion will encompass how specific micronutrients contribute to vascular health by influencing key physiological processes such as blood pressure regulation, cholesterol metabolism, inflammatory responses, and oxidative stress. While a balanced dietary intake is recognized as foundational, the potential utility of supplementation in specific populations will also be considered, emphasizing the ongoing need for personalized recommendations and further scientific inquiry into optimal dosages and synergistic effects. The intricate relationship between dietary magnesium and cardiovascular health is a significant area of focus. Research delves into its impact on endothelial function, a critical determinant of vascular integrity, and its role in blood pressure regulation. This review synthesizes current evidence, suggesting a compelling association between adequate magnesium intake and a reduced risk of hypertension and other cardiovascular events. The authors critically examine potential underlying mechanisms and highlight the concerning prevalence of magnesium deficiency in modern dietary patterns, advocating for enhanced public awareness and the adoption of effective dietary strategies to ensure sufficient intake. The efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in mitigating cardiovascular risk factors is another vital aspect. This research specifically examines its effects, particularly in individuals diagnosed with vitamin D deficiency. The study scrutinizes the impact on blood pressure, lipid profiles, and established markers of inflammation. Findings indicate a potential protective role for vitamin D in fostering cardiovascular health, although significant questions persist regarding the optimal dosage and the precise target populations most likely to benefit from supplementation, underscoring the necessity for more robust and conclusive clinical trials. The complex role of homocysteine metabolism and B vitamins in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease is thoroughly reviewed. This article elucidates how elevated homocysteine levels, frequently linked to deficiencies in folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12, can critically contribute to endothelial damage and the progression of atherogenesis. The authors critically discuss the existing evidence base for B-vitamin supplementation in lowering homocysteine and its subsequent impact on cardiovascular outcomes, while also acknowledging notable inconsistencies and ambiguities within the research findings. The impact of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on triglyceride levels and other key cardiovascular risk markers is systematically investigated. This research offers a comprehensive overview of the proposed mechanisms through which omega-3 fatty acids, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), exert their cardioprotective effects. These include their well-documented anti-inflammatory and anti-arrhythmic properties. The authors critically discuss current recommendations for omega-3 intake and the accumulating evidence supporting their therapeutic use in managing dyslipidemia and ultimately reducing the incidence of cardiovascular events. This review consolidates findings on the significant role of antioxidants, including well-known compounds like vitamins C and E, in effectively preventing cardiovascular damage associated with oxidative stress. The authors meticulously discuss how these essential micronutrients actively combat free radical damage to lipids and lipoproteins, thereby contributing significantly to the prevention of atherosclerosis, a major underlying cause of heart disease. The article also thoughtfully addresses the inherent complexities surrounding antioxidant supplementation and reiterates the imperative need for further rigorous research to definitively clarify their precise role within established clinical practice. This article delves into the synergistic roles that various vitamins and minerals play in promoting robust cardiovascular health. It adopts a perspective that moves beyond the examination of single nutrients to explore how strategic combinations, such as magnesium and vitamin D, or B vitamins in conjunction with antioxidants, might confer enhanced protective benefits. The authors compellingly highlight the intricate interplay among different micronutrients and strongly advocate for the adoption of dietary patterns that comprehensively ensure a broad spectrum of essential vitamins and minerals for achieving optimal cardiovascular well-being. The crucial role of potassium in the intricate process of blood pressure regulation is discussed, emphasizing its profound significance in preventing hypertension, which is widely recognized as a primary modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The authors meticulously review the well-established physiological mechanisms underlying potassium's actions and present compelling evidence derived from both large-scale epidemiological studies and targeted clinical trials that unequivocally support the cardiovascular benefits associated with maintaining adequate potassium intake. Crucially, the importance of achieving a balanced ratio between sodium and potassium intake is strongly emphasized. This paper investigates the complex and often overlooked interaction between iron status and overall cardiovascular health. It critically explores how deviations from optimal iron levels, encompassing both iron deficiency and iron overload, can exert detrimental effects on cardiac function and significantly elevate cardiovascular risk. The authors systematically discuss the fundamental role of iron in essential physiological processes such as oxygen transport and cellular metabolism, thereby highlighting the critical importance of maintaining appropriate iron levels for preserving and promoting overall cardiovascular well-being.
The overarching theme of vitamins and minerals in cardiovascular disease prevention is addressed. This article highlights how specific micronutrients, including B vitamins, vitamin D, magnesium, and omega-3 fatty acids, contribute to vascular health. Their influence on critical physiological parameters like blood pressure, cholesterol levels, inflammation, and oxidative stress is a central focus. While a balanced diet is prioritized, the authors acknowledge the potential role of supplementation in certain populations, stressing the need for individualized advice and further research into optimal dosages and synergistic effects. The specific relationship between dietary magnesium and cardiovascular health is examined, particularly its impact on endothelial function and blood pressure regulation. Current evidence is synthesized, suggesting that sufficient magnesium intake is linked to a reduced risk of hypertension and other cardiovascular issues. The authors discuss potential mechanisms and point out the common deficiency of magnesium in modern diets, advocating for increased awareness and dietary strategies to ensure adequate intake. The efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in reducing cardiovascular risk factors is investigated, especially in individuals with vitamin D deficiency. The research assesses its effects on blood pressure, lipid profiles, and inflammatory markers. The findings suggest a potential protective role for vitamin D in cardiovascular health, although optimal dosage and target populations for supplementation require further study. The authors call for more robust clinical trials to confirm these findings. The role of homocysteine metabolism and B vitamins in cardiovascular disease pathogenesis is reviewed. This article explains how high homocysteine levels, often associated with deficiencies in folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12, can lead to endothelial damage and atherogenesis. The authors discuss the evidence supporting B-vitamin supplementation for lowering homocysteine and its subsequent impact on cardiovascular outcomes, while noting inconsistencies in research results. The impact of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on triglyceride levels and other cardiovascular risk markers is explored. The study provides an overview of how omega-3s, specifically EPA and DHA, offer cardioprotection through anti-inflammatory and anti-arrhythmic mechanisms. Current recommendations for intake and evidence supporting their use in managing dyslipidemia and reducing cardiovascular events are discussed. This review consolidates findings on the role of antioxidants, such as vitamins C and E, in preventing oxidative stress-related cardiovascular damage. The authors explain how these micronutrients combat free radical damage to lipids and lipoproteins, aiding in atherosclerosis prevention. The complexities of antioxidant supplementation and the need for further research to clarify their clinical role are also addressed. This article examines the synergistic effects of various vitamins and minerals in promoting cardiovascular health. It moves beyond single-nutrient analysis to investigate how combinations, like magnesium and vitamin D, or B vitamins with antioxidants, might provide greater protection. The authors highlight the complex interactions among micronutrients and advocate for dietary patterns that ensure a broad spectrum of essential vitamins and minerals for optimal cardiovascular well-being. The significance of potassium in blood pressure regulation and its role in preventing hypertension, a key cardiovascular risk factor, are discussed. The authors review the physiological mechanisms of potassium and present evidence from epidemiological studies and clinical trials supporting the benefits of adequate potassium intake for cardiovascular health. The importance of balancing sodium and potassium intake is emphasized. This paper explores the interaction between iron status and cardiovascular health. It examines how both iron deficiency and iron overload can negatively affect cardiac function and increase cardiovascular risk. The authors discuss iron's role in oxygen transport and cellular metabolism, underscoring the importance of maintaining appropriate iron levels for cardiovascular well-being. The role of trace minerals, including selenium and zinc, in antioxidant defense systems relevant to cardiovascular health is investigated. The authors review the mechanisms by which these minerals help mitigate oxidative stress and inflammation in the cardiovascular system. The potential implications of their deficiency or excess on cardiovascular disease risk are also discussed.
This collection of articles explores the significant impact of various vitamins and minerals on cardiovascular health. Key micronutrients such as B vitamins, vitamin D, magnesium, omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants (vitamins C and E), potassium, iron, selenium, and zinc are discussed in relation to their roles in preventing cardiovascular diseases. The content highlights their influence on blood pressure, cholesterol levels, inflammation, oxidative stress, and homocysteine metabolism. While emphasizing the primary importance of a balanced diet, the articles also consider the potential benefits and ongoing research into supplementation for specific populations. The synergistic effects of nutrient combinations and the critical need for maintaining optimal nutrient levels are also underscored. Further research is frequently called for to clarify precise dosages, target populations, and long-term clinical outcomes.
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