Micro Propagation: Applications and Techniques

Marquina Pozo^*
*Correspondence: Marquina Pozo, Department of Chemistry, University of Burgos, Plaza Misael Bannuelos, Spain, Email:

Introduction

Plants can be reproduced through either their sexual or asexual developmental life cycles. New plants emerge from zygotic embryos housed within seeds or fruits when the parental gametes fuse in the sexual cycle. Seedlings will be varied in most circumstances, and each one will represent a unique set of genes formed during the production of gametes and subsequent sexual union. In the vegetative cycle, however, the unique traits of every particular plant selected for propagation are normally preserved since genes are often duplicated perfectly at each division during normal cell division [1,2].

In most situations, each new plant created by this process may be regarded an extension of a single individual's somatic cell line. A clone is a group of such asexually reproduced plants. Sexual and asexual reproduction have distinct selection benefits in the natural world, depending on the stage of evolution of different plants. Many essential agricultural plants are expanded vegetative and grown as clones. Plants selected and exploited by man have distinct propensities for multiplication by seed or by vegetative ways. Cassava, potato, sugar cane, and a variety of soft fruits and fruit trees are among them.

These methods are also used to propagate a vast range of attractive herbaceous and woody plants. Vegetative propagation techniques have evolved over ages. Modern horticulture research has refined and enhanced these old "macro propagation" techniques, which make use of relatively big parts of plants. Methods of spraying fine water mist on cuttings to avoid desiccation, improved rooting composts, and temperature control in the rooting zone, for example, have greatly increased the pace at which many horticultural or agricultural plants may be multiplied. The on-going use of tissue culture for plant multiplication has slowed research towards improving macro propagation technologies.

Description

When deciding whether to propagate a plant from seed, classic vegetative techniques, or tissue culture, consider not only the plant species, but also the development of established procedures, relative costs, and agronomic goals. The extent to which tissue culture techniques may be exploited for genetic modification and propagation is constantly evolving. Tissue culture may have been used to multiply particular lines and propagate disease-tested stocks of established cultivars, whereas macro propagation of field-grown tubers has been utilised to provide typical planting material up until recently.

Novel research into genetic alterations and methods of propagation utilising tissue culture techniques has the potential to change this situation: genetic engineering can introduce and manage variety, while micro propagation can create certified stock of new kinds on a massive scale. The genetic potential of a plant limits the technique of propagation that may be used for it. Some plants, for example, readily grow adventitious shoot buds on their roots, while others do not; propagating a plant that does not have this potential from root cuttings or root explants will be more difficult in vivo and in vitro. Although plant tissue culture overcomes certain genetic obstacles, there is still a noticeable genotype influence [3-5].

Conclusion

It is currently impossible to encourage the production of tubers in an apple tree. Micro propagation is the term used to describe in vitro processes that start with extremely little parts of plants and then propagate small shoots or embryos. To sustain or considerably expand the number of plants, only a little quantity of room is necessary. Propagation is best done in an aseptic environment. The term "axenic" is incorrect since it refers to a state of being "free of any interaction with other living beings." There should be no disease loss once the cultures have been established, and the plantlets that are eventually formed should be devoid of bacteria, fungus, and other microorganisms.

Conflict of Interest

None.

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