Innovations in Water Pollution Management

Sameh A S Alariqi^*
*Correspondence: Dr. Sameh A S Alariqi, Department of Industrial Chemistry, Taiz University, Taiz, Yemen, Email:

About the Study

Organic pollutants discovered in water could harm human health and aquatic ecosystems. Human health requires safe drinking water that is free of hazardous chemicals and germs. On top contamination of water is a major problem following a natural disaster like Tsunamis, earthquakes, storms, and other natural calamities. On a large scale, natural disasters (such as floods and volcanoes) can have an impact on water quality.

Water is a life source and one of the most valuable natural resources. Seawater makes up over 98 percent of the water and is unfit for human consumption due to its high salt content. Fresh water makes up about 2 percent of the planet's water, but 1.6 percent is locked up in polar ice caps and glaciers. Underground, in aquifers and wells, another 0.36 percent is found. As a result, lakes and rivers only hold roughly 0.036 percent of the world's total water supply.

One of the most serious environmental issues confronting humanity today is the rising contamination of freshwater systems with thousands of industrial and natural chemical substances. Water is becoming increasingly valuable in more countries as the world's population continues to grow and industrialization accelerates. Water is a precious commodity in various places of the world.

Unless new solutions to deliver clean water are discovered in the future decades, water scarcity may lead to social and political instability, water conflicts, and diseases. Governments and organizations all around the world have issued tough water pollution legislation as a result of increased public awareness. Nowadays, there is a growing global concern about the advancement of waste water treatment technologies.

Technological advancements in water treatment

In view of the foregoing issues, recent focus has shifted to the development of more effective, low-cost and reliable wastewater treatment systems that do not add to environmental stress or risk human health. Water and waste water treatment techniques have been explored extensively in order to develop economically viable options. Toxic contaminants have been removed from water and waste water using a variety of techniques, including coagulation, membrane processing, adsorption, dialysis, foam flotation, osmosis,photo catalytic degradation and biological processes. However, various limitations, including as processing efficiency, energy requirements, engineering knowledge, economic value and infrastructure, have limited their implementation in many parts of the world, preventing them from being used.

Traditional waste water treatment is not always sufficient to remove the whole pollutant load due to the complex nature of the chemical combinations found in wastewater. To control human infections, disinfection processes such as ozonation and chlorination have been implemented. Most undesirable bacteria and numerous pollutants are effectively eliminated using these modern treatment methods. The semiconductor photo catalytic process, a low-cost, environmentally friendly and long-term treatment technique that aligns with the "zero" waste scheme in the water/ wastewater business, has received a lot of attention in recent years. Persistent organic molecules, arsenic metal ions and microbes can all be removed from water using this modern oxidation method. The primary technological impediment to its commercialization at the moment is the post-recovery of the catalyst particles after water treatment.

Adsorption is one of the most efficient processes in advanced wastewater treatment technologies, and it is widely used by industry and academic researchers to remove a variety of contaminants. One of the most commonly studied adsorbents in the water treatment process is activated carbon. For contaminated water treatment, the "adsorption" approach has grown more common as "bio-sorption," which uses biomaterials as the adsorbent. However, this method of wastewater treatment has not been widely used on an industrial basis. In recent years, the use of magnetic adsorbent technology for pollution separation in water has also gotten a lot of attention. The fabrication of a range of magnetic composites/ materials for wastewater treatment has received a lot of attention during the last decade. Because of the straightforward magnetic separation procedure, magnetic adsorbents are an appealing option for metallic and dye pollutants.

The recovery of resources from wastewater is becoming increasingly important on a global scale, and as a result, it has sparked a lot of scientific interest. However, there has been a rather limited transfer of major research findings into practical operational outcomes in the case of the included nutrients. In a world where fresh water is becoming increasingly limited and many cities are located near the ocean, desalination is a sensible choice. The only challenge is lowering energy use, which is the most expensive component.

Everyone involved in desalination strives to keep this number as low as feasible.

Conclusion

Clearly, raising awareness of pressing environmental issues and developing solutions in close collaboration with research, governments, business and other relevant stakeholders is critical.

Water research and development is a growing field. As soon as possible, treatment must reach the practical applications that are necessary.