Autologous Therapies: Diverse Applications, Outcomes

Elena Ivanescu^*
*Correspondence: Elena Ivanescu, Department of Neuro-Transplant Technologies, Romanian Medical Innovation Institute, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Email:

Introduction

This systematic review and meta-analysis thoroughly evaluates the effectiveness and safety of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) for treating systemic sclerosis. This comprehensive analysis underscores the potential of AHSCT to significantly alter the disease trajectory for patients facing severe, progressive forms of systemic sclerosis, offering a new avenue for improved clinical outcomes[1].

Here is an updated overview of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) for severe autoimmune diseases. This means that AHSCT remains a critical treatment for conditions like multiple sclerosis, systemic sclerosis, and Crohn's disease, offering long-term remission for carefully selected patients, even as new therapies emerge. Despite the continuous emergence of novel therapeutic options, the established efficacy of AHSCT in inducing long-term remission for carefully selected individuals with conditions like multiple sclerosis, systemic sclerosis, and Crohn's disease reinforces its enduring relevance as a critical treatment modality[2].

This review delves into the ongoing role of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) in treating multiple myeloma, especially in light of modern, targeted therapies. It highlights that AHSCT still provides significant benefits, particularly for eligible younger patients, improving progression-free and overall survival rates. Even with the advent of numerous contemporary, targeted therapeutic approaches, AHSCT continues to demonstrate substantial advantages. It notably enhances both progression-free survival and overall survival rates, particularly benefiting younger patients who meet the eligibility criteria for this intensive treatment strategy[3].

This article breaks down the role of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) in managing relapsed/refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. This article emphasizes that AHSCT remains a standard of care for these patients, offering a chance for durable remission and improved survival, especially in those achieving chemosensitive disease before transplant. AHSCT firmly stands as a standard of care for patients battling relapsed or refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. It provides a crucial opportunity for achieving durable remission and significantly extends patient survival, especially when a chemosensitive disease state is attained prior to the transplantation procedure[4].

This systematic review looks at autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for Crohn's disease. The insights here confirm that AHSCT can induce remission and improve quality of life for patients with severe, refractory Crohn's disease who have not responded to conventional therapies, though patient selection is key to successful outcomes. The findings confirm AHSCT's capacity to induce profound remission and substantially elevate the quality of life for individuals grappling with severe, refractory Crohn's disease, those for whom conventional treatments have proven ineffective. Optimal patient selection remains paramount for achieving successful and lasting outcomes with this approach[5].

It is important to understand that autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) for T-cell lymphoma: it is a vital treatment strategy. This paper reviews current practices, highlighting that AHSCT can offer a curative option for eligible patients with relapsed or refractory T-cell lymphoma, especially when applied in first or second remission. Contemporary reviews emphasize its effectiveness in offering a chance at cure for eligible patients, particularly when implemented during the first or second remission phases of relapsed or refractory T-cell lymphoma, underscoring its therapeutic significance[6].

This systematic review explores autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) for cartilage defects, summarizing current evidence and future directions. This means that ACI remains a viable biological treatment option for repairing articular cartilage damage, with continued research focusing on refining techniques and expanding its application for better long-term outcomes. This extensive review highlights ACI's established position as a viable biological intervention for the repair of damaged articular cartilage. Ongoing research is actively dedicated to the refinement of existing techniques and the expansion of its clinical applications, with the ultimate goal of securing superior long-term results for patients[7].

This article discusses the crucial role of autologous stem cell transplantation in treating multiple myeloma. It reiterates that despite advancements in novel therapies, high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell rescue is still considered standard for many patients, significantly extending survival and disease control. Autologous stem cell transplantation, coupled with high-dose chemotherapy, steadfastly remains a cornerstone in the treatment paradigm for multiple myeloma. This approach consistently yields extended survival periods and improved disease control for a significant number of patients, solidifying its essential role amidst evolving therapeutic landscapes[8].

Let us consider the management of mantle cell lymphoma with autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). This review highlights ASCT as a foundational part of treatment for this aggressive lymphoma, particularly for younger patients in first remission, contributing to longer progression-free survival and deeper responses. For younger patients in their first remission, ASCT is particularly instrumental, leading to notably longer progression-free survival and enabling deeper, more sustained responses, thereby establishing its role as a key therapeutic intervention for mantle cell lymphoma[9].

This study examines the outcomes of autologous stem cell transplantation in patients with acquired hemophilia A. The findings indicate that while complex, ASCT can be an effective salvage therapy for severe, refractory cases, leading to durable remission and improved coagulation parameters for these challenging patients. While inherently complex, ASCT emerges as an effective salvage therapy for severe and refractory cases of acquired hemophilia A. It consistently facilitates durable remission and fosters substantial improvements in coagulation parameters, offering a vital treatment avenue for these particularly challenging patient cohorts[10].

Description

Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (AHSCT) emerges as a profoundly critical and promising therapeutic intervention across a spectrum of severe autoimmune conditions. It offers a genuine prospect of achieving long-term remission for carefully selected individuals, retaining its significance even amidst the continuous development of novel therapeutic strategies[2]. Focusing specifically on systemic sclerosis, AHSCT is rigorously evaluated through systematic reviews and meta-analyses, which consistently demonstrate its effectiveness and safety. While recognized as an intensive treatment option, it holds substantial potential to significantly improve clinical outcomes for patients suffering from severe, progressive forms of the disease, providing a crucial avenue for sustained relief and better quality of life[1]. This comprehensive approach involves compiling extensive data, allowing for a thorough assessment of its capacity to profoundly alter the disease trajectory.

Within the complex landscape of hematologic malignancies, AHSCT maintains an indispensable and evolving role, particularly in the management of multiple myeloma. Despite the rapid progress and widespread adoption of numerous novel, targeted therapies, the established regimen of high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell rescue continues to be regarded as a foundational standard of care for a significant proportion of patients. This approach consistently leads to a marked extension of survival periods and enhanced disease control[3, 8]. The advantages are particularly pronounced for younger patients who meet specific eligibility criteria, where AHSCT has been shown to deliver substantial improvements in both progression-free survival and overall survival rates. Similarly, for patients diagnosed with aggressive mantle cell lymphoma, ASCT constitutes a core element of the treatment protocol. It is particularly impactful for younger individuals who are in their first remission, making crucial contributions to achieving longer progression-free survival and fostering deeper, more durable treatment responses[9].

In the management of various lymphomas, AHSCT continues to define the standard of care. For patients experiencing relapsed or refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, this transplantation method offers a vital opportunity for durable remission and significantly improved survival. Its efficacy is particularly evident in patients who have achieved a chemosensitive disease state prior to undergoing the transplant procedure, highlighting the importance of patient stratification for optimal outcomes[4]. Furthermore, for T-cell lymphoma, AHSCT represents a pivotal and often curative treatment strategy. Current practices and extensive reviews underscore its capacity to offer a genuine chance at cure for eligible patients with relapsed or refractory T-cell lymphoma, especially when strategically applied during the first or second phases of remission. This reinforces AHSCT's profound therapeutic significance and its role in reshaping prognoses for these challenging conditions[6].

Expanding beyond oncological applications, AHSCT demonstrates its therapeutic versatility in addressing other severe and challenging medical conditions. For patients suffering from Crohn's disease, systematic reviews provide compelling evidence that AHSCT possesses the unique ability to induce sustained remission and substantially enhance the quality of life. This benefit is particularly noted for individuals with severe, refractory forms of the disease who have shown no response to conventional medical therapies, although meticulous patient selection remains a critical determinant for achieving successful and lasting outcomes[5]. Moreover, for patients diagnosed with acquired hemophilia A, a rare and complex bleeding disorder, ASCT, despite its inherent complexities, has proven to be an effective salvage therapy for severe and refractory cases. It consistently facilitates durable remission and promotes significant improvements in coagulation parameters, thus offering a vital and often life-saving treatment pathway for these particularly challenging patient cohorts where other options may be limited[10].

In a distinct but related area of regenerative medicine, Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (ACI) stands out as another significant autologous therapeutic approach, specifically targeting cartilage defects. A comprehensive systematic review exploring current evidence and future directions confirms ACI's established position as a viable biological intervention. It effectively facilitates the repair of damaged articular cartilage, offering a crucial restorative option for patients with debilitating joint issues. Ongoing research efforts are vigorously dedicated to the continuous refinement of existing techniques and the strategic expansion of its clinical applications, with the overarching objective of securing superior and more predictable long-term functional results for patients. This underscores the broader impact and continuous innovation within autologous cellular therapies for tissue regeneration[7].

Conclusion

Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (AHSCT) is a critical and continually evolving treatment for a range of severe conditions. It shows promise for systemic sclerosis, significantly improving outcomes for patients with aggressive forms of the disease[1]. AHSCT remains a standard for severe autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis and Crohnâ??s disease, offering long-term remission for carefully chosen patients[2]. For hematologic malignancies, AHSCT is foundational. It provides substantial benefits for multiple myeloma, extending survival even with novel therapies, particularly for younger, eligible patients[3, 8]. It is also a key strategy for relapsed/refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, offering durable remission and improved survival, especially in chemosensitive cases[4]. Similarly, AHSCT acts as a vital, potentially curative option for T-cell lymphoma, effective in early remission stages[6]. Beyond cancers and autoimmune disorders, ASCT serves as an effective salvage therapy for severe, refractory acquired hemophilia A, leading to durable remission and improved coagulation[10]. Another autologous therapy, Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (ACI), is a viable biological treatment for repairing articular cartilage damage, with ongoing research focused on refining techniques for better long-term outcomes[7]. The collective evidence demonstrates the broad impact and continued relevance of autologous cellular therapies across diverse medical fields.

Acknowledgement

None

Conflict of Interest

None

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