RNA-Seq (referred to as the abbreviation for "RNA sequencing") is a basic technology-based sequencing technique that uses next-generation sequencing ( NGS) to reveal the existence and quantity of RNA in a biological sample at a given time, examining the continually evolving cellular transcriptome. In particular, RNA-Seq allows the ability to look at alternate gene spliced transcripts, post-transcriptional modifications, gene fusion, mutations / SNPs and gene expression changes over time, or gene expression discrepancies in various groups or treatments. Besides mRNA transcripts, RNA-Seq may look at different RNA populations to include total RNA, small RNA such as miRNA, tRNA. RNA-Seq can also be used to establish exon / intron boundaries and to check or change previously annotated boundaries of the 5 'and 3' genes. Recent RNA-Seq advances include single-cell sequencing and in situ fixed tissue sequencing.