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Review Articles On Cytokines | Open Access Journals
Molecular Biology: Open Access

Molecular Biology: Open Access

ISSN: 2168-9547

Open Access
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Review Articles On Cytokines

Cytokines are tiny secreted proteins released by cells that have a particular effect on inter connections and communications between cells. Cytokine is a general name and the other names include lymphokine (it is made by lymphocytes), monokine (cytokines made by monocytes), chemokine (cytokines with chemotactic activities) and interleukin (cytokines made by a leukocyte and acting on other leukocytes). Cytokines can act on the cells that secrete them (autocrine action), on neighboring cells (paracrine action) or, in some cases, on distant cells (endocrine action). There are both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. There is an important evidence showing that certain cytokines / chemokines are  not only involved in initiation but also in the persistence of pathological pain by directly activating nociceptive sensory neurons. Certain inflammatory cytokines are also involved in nerve damage / central inflammation-induced sensitization and are linked to the development of contralateral hyperalgesia / allodynia. The discussion presented in this chapter describes several key pro-inflammatory cytokines / chemokines and anti-inflammatory cytokines, their relationship to pathological pain in animals and human patients, and the possible underlying mechanisms.

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