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Arachidonic Acid | Open Access Journals
Molecular Biology: Open Access

Molecular Biology: Open Access

ISSN: 2168-9547

Open Access

Arachidonic Acid

Various pathways using arachidonic acid (AA) as the initial substrate are composed of dioxygenases which carry out a complex reaction involving the abstraction of selected hydrogens and the insertion of molecular oxygen. Two major classes of enzymes, cyclooxygenases (COX) and lipoxygenases (LOX), are recognized for their prominent role in the generation of a number of important biological mediators. Among these, prostaglandins (PG) and leukotrienes (LT) are widely studied given their recognized role in human diseases as well as physiological and / or pathophysiological activities. Among these biological actions, one of the most important is the major role played by eicosanoids in inflammation, where they contribute to all the clinical symptoms associated with the inflammatory state, namely pain, redness and swelling . The ever-increasing number of molecules derived from AA includes other families such as lipoxins (LX), hepoxilins, hepoxides, monohydroxyeicosatretraenoic acids (HETE), dihydroxyeicosatretraenoic acids and their hydroperoxy precursors. While the synthesis of most of these mediators involves the catalytic center of non-heme iron typical of cyclo- and lipoxygenases, the hepoxilins and hepoxides come from heme proteins such as hematin and cytochrome P450.

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