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Antidepressant Drugs | Open Access Journals
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Journal of Sports Medicine & Doping Studies

ISSN: 2161-0673

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Antidepressant Drugs

Antidepressants are psychotropic drugs for the treatment of depressive syndromes of various etiology. This historical definition nowadays reflects just one facet of the spectrum of their possible therapeutic applications. More than 40 years of clinical experience and scientific research with antidepressant drugs have resulted in a variety of different indications with proven efficacy for these agents, particularly anxiety disorders or obsessive–compulsive disorder. Antidepressant drugs are usually taken by people who are trying to maintain their usual occupational and social activities. Most reported studies on this subject involve short-term treatment of healthy participants. As expected, such studies generally show that acute treatment with sedating antidepressants (e.g., tertiary tricyclic antidepressants) impair psychomotor performance more than non-sedating agents, such as selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Recent antidepressant side effects of particular interest have included bleeding risk, and effects during pregnancy and therefore the time of life. While increased bleeding risk with serotonergic antidepressants has been recognised for several years, the incidence and severity of this are uncertain—issues of particular pertinence to patients having surgical procedures. Recent large cohort studies and meta-analyses have focused on perioperative bleeding in general (and hip surgery in particular), the impact of co-prescription with anticoagulants, gastrointestinal bleeding, brain hemorrhage and post-partum hemorrhage. There has also been increasing data clarifying the security of antidepressants during pregnancy and therefore the perinatal period, with studies on miscarriage and miscarriage, teratogenic risk (in particular cardiac and neurological), preterm and low birth weight, neonatal adaptation, and infant development (including potential risk to autism and ADHD). There is evidence that antidepressants, particularly SSRIs, increase the incidence of suicidal thoughts and acts in young people. This phenomenon usually occurs early in treatment and in many cases is linked to the anxiety and agitation that can develop following initiation of these drugs. Whether antidepressants increase suicidality in other ways may be a matter of debate. It is also not certain whether this phenomenon occurs in older people – it may be that people of all ages can be affected and that young people included in drug trials are less likely to experience the benefits of antidepressants that would counterbalance any increase in suicidality. In light of all this, anyone prescribed an antidepressant should be warned that the drug may cause a rise in suicidal thoughts, in order that they should seek advice immediately if this happens.

 

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