Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering

We know that today pollution is a major problem for every country. Every engineer, scientist to find the solution of this problem. Pollution like water pollution, air pollution, soil pollution, noise pollution these pollution harmful to effect the environment, human being and wild life or ecosystem. It also affects the aquatic life and parameter of water. The air pollutant is directly affect the surface water & these changes in pH, turbidity, BOD, COD, chloride and alkalinity of the water, increase the fluoride & high concentration of sulphates. Some anthropogenic activity affecting water quality include due to fertilizers, manures & pesticides, animal activity, irrigation, deforestation pollution due to industrial effluents and domestic waste, mining and recreation activities. It is injurious to our health. In air pollution the smoke particle is a complex mixture of organic and inorganic particles like soot, smoke liquid droplets, and aerosol. Less than 10 mm particle size is very serious of human being they can get deep into your lungs & blood streams. In our study to check the water quality test of local canal it is a part of ganga river we have selected three point (Meerut, Muradnagar, Masuri, Bulandsher) of this canal and test the water or to compare the standard parameter.

Carbon dioxide is one of the major air pollutants into the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is emitted more into the atmosphere because of combustion of fossil fuels (coal, oil and natural gas) in cement production industry and many other industries and emissions from traffic congestions. Carbon-dioxide pollutes the air and the air pollution is the major threat faced by the present generation. Hence, there is a need to have an eco-friendly concrete which can absorb the carbon-dioxide from the atmosphere and reduces the air pollution. Therefore, a study has been carried out on the zeolite concrete for the enhancement of the mechanical properties and on the absorption of carbon sequestration in to the zeolite concrete.

The sometimes extreme hydro-climatic stresses that buildings undergo can lead to significant deterioration which can lead to their collapse. The concern to realize durable works and ensuring a comfortable framework for the life of the occupants leads to seek effective solutions, as well for the new construction as for the renovation of old construction, answering the sempiternal problem of harmful action of water on buildings materials. This paper proposes a numerical simulation of moisture migration in concrete building walls, the aim being to highlight the influence of pore size on the kinetics of moisture migration, and its gradient in the wall. A mathematical model taking into account the mechanisms of moisture migration due to liquid moisture gradient and by vapor diffusion is proposed; the discrete formulation of the equation by the numerical scheme of Crank Nicolson is then carried out, and results from computer modeling using Matlab software version 7.10.0.499 (R2010a), show that pore size is a key parameter that influences the dynamics of moisture migration in the wall. Indeed, this parameter qualitatively and quantitatively influences the kinetics of moisture migration, as well as it gradient in the concrete wall.

Water loss is a common phenomenon observed in all water distribution systems. The process of water loss reduction is a basic part to increase the performance of a water supply system. The means presented in this study is aimed at evaluating water distribution pressure for the minimizing leakages in Dilla town water supply system network. Water CAD software was used to evaluate water distribution system, fixed pressure reducing valves (PRV) were installed at the most effective set of water distribution systems to reduced pressure as well as leakage quantities of water. An average water distribution pressure in the existing water distribution system was 58 m. Then, after the pressure reduced by pressure reducing valves (PRVs) average pressure dropped to 44 m, therefore, leakage in average reduced by 24%. The study concluded that the application of PRVs in the water distribution system as a promising solution for leakage minimization by reducing pressure in the water distribution networks, such as Dilla town.

The early years of childhood are of great importance because children's growth rate is high physically and intellectually. An ambience should be provided that allows children to use the best of their childhood. Most of public schools' kindergartens in Jordan were not actually meant to be a child care centre; this study has revealed that the quality of the physical and social environment affects child development in this education process, and that kindergartens have a major influence on child development since these are places where children spend most of their preschool time. In order to improve the conditions of the physical environment, designers can try to reach best design solutions, by getting children’s ideas about their educational environment. Data for this study were collected in library method, first investigates previous studies on designing kindergartens and children’s demands and their importance, and then investigates the IEQ of public kindergartens in Jordan "a kindergarten in As Salt -as a case study- ". The questions that the children were asked in this study aimed to learn children’s evaluations and expectations about their settings. The most important result reached in the study was the observation of the ability of 5 year-old (between 48-60 months of age) and 6 year-old (between 60-72 months of age) group of children to construct successful verbal statements about their physical environment by referring to their own experience. In short, this study has demonstrated that kindergarten design can be approached under three main headings, namely organization of the environment, selection of materials, and detail solutions, based on pre-schoolers’ experience.