Journal of Business & Financial Affairs

The paper tries to examine the impact of capital structure on the financial firm performance of industrial companies in Turkey. the annual financial statements of 136 industrial companies listed on Istanbul Stock Exchange (ISE) were used for this study which covers a period of 8 years from 2005-20012. A multivariate regression analysis is applied to test the relationship between capital structure and firm performance. To measure firm performance used indicators such as Return on Asset (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE) and Earning per Share (EPS) as well as Debt Ratio (DR) as capital structure variable. The results show that there is a negative significant relationship between capital structure and firm performance.

This study presents what impact electronic banking has on customer satisfaction in comparing with traditional brick and mortar banking service, its relationship with that of age, occupation and education, its impact on branch visits, the level of customer understanding about e-banking and the opportunities and challenges of e-banking. The paper tried to see all the above among 402 properly filled and returned questionnaires of e-banking customers and interview with four branches of the two commercial banks which have started e-banking service in Gondar city when this study was conducted. The study used tables, percentages, chi-square independency test to see the relationship between demographic characteristics and e-banking, independency t-test to see the visits of branches before and after e-banking by customers is significant or not and regression analysis test has been conducted to explain the variables which determine customers’ satisfaction in e-banking. The results of the study implied t that majority of users of e-banking are the young, the educated, salaried and students, business men and women are not actively using the service of e-banking and there is also a relationship between e-banking and demographic characteristics, e-banking currently provided for saving and current accounts holders only, e-banking has improved customer satisfaction, reduced frequency of bank hall for banking service, reduced waiting time for customers, there are customers who don’t know the fee charged for being e-banking users, the bank customers’ satisfaction increased after being e-banking users, enabled customers to control their account movements and there is high opportunity to expand e-banking service in the city.

Generation Y, also called the Net Generation or Millennial refers a collaborator of the population larger than the Baby Boom generation. With approximately 80 million people born from mid-1980 to 2000, this group is the most recent generation to enter the workforce. Workplaces are being redefined and organizations are being pressed to adapt as this new wave of workers inspire into business environments. It is widely accepted that distinct generational experiences shape ethical ideologies and ethical ideologies in turn affect the way people function in the workplace. Age-based differences in perspective and complaints about other generations are certainly not a new phenomenon. Businesses committed to high ethics standards know how important it is to create a shared sense of values and a cohesive culture rooted in integrity, where organizational values and personal values align. Shaped by significant events, societal trends, and the cultures of their organizations, each generation develops its own unique perspective of what constitutes right and wrong behavior on the job. Correspondingly, Gen Y’s unique collaboration experiences are likely to shape their ethical ideologies and consequent workplace judgments and actions. In this study, we examine Gen Y’s ethical ideology and its reflections on strategic management essentials. This group of people is an important part of the workforce since they are the near future managers of the business life. The purpose of the research is to better understand the impacts of Generation Y’s ethical ideology and how this ideology reflects to their practice in business. In order to analyze their ethics view, qualitative approach is held. Interviews with individuals whom are to be considered as employees from Gen Y are conducted to identify ethical attitudes and behaviors. Especially, the changing ethics view on corporate business life and the effects on strategic management are focused in this research. The research will try to explore how ethical ideology has changed conditionally with the changing generation behaviors. The interviews are held with 8 employees. The interviews are transcribed into data which are analyzed by the researches to identify the findings. Qualitative approach is advantageous since it helps to gain detailed feedback about feelings, attitudes and behavior. The research will contribute to the literature by considering the impact of varying ethics view for Generation Y and how it reflects to the business life environment in today’s global world.

The key determination of the present research is to examine the impact of selected major variables on stock return of the Pakistani emerging capital market Karachi Stock Exchange. The researches display that capital market is inclined by transform in major economic variables. This study observes impact of three major economic variables i.e. foreign direct investment, foreign exchange rate and inflation at Karachi stock exchange. The monthly data of ten years practice in this study. To reach the objectives, study uses the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) to estimate the correlation and regression model. The Durbin-Watson statistics 1.90 value indication that there are no serial correlations issues in study. And results show that significant negative impact of inflation and Foreign exchange rate and foreign direct investment negative insignificant impact on KSE dependent variable. And overall model good fit by probability of F-statistics which less than 5%.

Unlike the Anglo-Saxon countries, where business financing is made through the financial markets, Tunisian banks play a more important role than the financial markets in funding the firms. In addition to their function as lenders, they can participate in the capital of companies and/or serve on their boards. Our results on a sample of 14 listed companies on the Tunisian Stock Exchange (STE) during the 2003/2009 period show that banks play an important role in the governance of the Tunisian firms and affect their performance. Based on this sample, we performed regressions of these two governance variables (banking participation in the firms’ equity and boards) on the firms’ accounting and stock performance. The obtained results show that, firstly, the banking investment in the firms’ share capital has a negative impact on the accounting performance measured by the ROA and the ROE and positively on the stock market performance (Tobin's Q and Marris) and, secondly, the banking presence in the board of directors has both a positive and negative impact on the accounting performance on the stock market performance.

Doing business in and with China has become much easier than it was decades ago. But doing business does not guarantee that everyone will make money. China has embarked an unprecedented economic growth since its economic reforms (1978) three decades ago, rising to become the world's second largest economy today and will become largest by 2020. A new path under the 12th Five-Year plan (2011-2015) towards sustainable and balanced development, alongside a focus on boosting domestic consumption is opening new opportunities in china for continued industrial innovation and business expansion. China still holds a number of challenging areas for foreign investors. Beside the cultural and language challenge, business men might be faced foreign exchange restrictions, anti-trust laws, intellectual property rights and diversified people in all over china. China is also facing raw material shortages, lack of infrastructure, corruption in many sectors, growing income inequality, environment pollution and maintain stability in the society. Despite the challenges, many factors contribute to a positive business environment in China. Many gaps that exist in China provide opportunities for businesses to fill these gaps. In order to overcome many challenges, there are different forms of business might be opened by foreign investors in China like equity joint ventures, cooperative joint venture, wholly foreign owned enterprises, joint stock companies, foreign enterprises, branches of foreign enterprises and so on.

The role of national culture on the use of e-government services in Sri Lanka is explored in this study employing the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) as the theoretical framework. The national culture was added to TAM as an external variable and extended model is tested via a survey of 898 Sri Lankan e-government service users. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was utilized as analysis technique and results of the structural analysis divulge that national culture makes influences positively on the use of e-government services. Besides, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use of government websites also are influenced by national culture. Collectivism, Long term orientation and Uncertainty avoidance were the key contributing dimensions of culture in the Sri Lankan context. Nevertheless, these results suggest that TAM can be further extended by examining the nature of the e-government use and the national culture. Cultural traits should be considered in understanding the use of e-government services in Sri Lanka and the outcomes of this paper would be intrinsic worth for policy makers to pay more attention on national culture when investments are made to e-government initiatives.

Debit cards are highly attractive to convenience driven consumer markets. As banks explore potential debit based loyalty system therefore convenience and control seeking consumers found debit cards as more attractive option. This card business depends on very reliable and secure technology and requires a very strong connectivity backbone. The topic taken for the research is a recent issue related to the debit card and the preference of customers towards different types of debit cards of different banks. Primary data has been collected through questionnaire of sample taken from the market which is a replica of the universe (Population of India). By the primary data the profile of customer being selected which are highly affected by the utility of the debit card. Hence the research justifies that the factors responsible for selecting a debit card are favourability, situational, recognize and bias. MDS (Multi-dimensional scaling) technique has been taken to study the perception of the customer for different brands of debit cards especially the public sector and private sector banks. The study has given an idea about the high inclination of customers towards private sectors debit cards than public sectors one.

The purpose of this article is to clarify the moderating effect of the board of directors in the relationship between the accounting conservatism and companies' performance. Previous studies have investigated the impact of corporate governance on the level of accounting conservatism. Our objective is to study the effect on the relationship between the level of accounting conservatism and performance of a central governance mechanism, namely, the board of directors. Using a sample of 60 French listed companies belonging to the SBF 120 index in all the period 2007-2012, we examine the effect of the size, the composition and the structure of such a mechanism on the relationship between the accounting conservatism and companies' performance. Therefore, most of our findings support the moderating impact of such a mechanism that has been ignored or left out by earlier studies.

The purpose of this article is to highlight the moderating effect of a central mechanism of governance, namely, the ownership structure in the relationship between accounting conservatism and the enterprise’s performance using a sample of French companies listed on the Paris stock exchange. Previous studies have investigated the impact of corporate governance on the level of accounting conservatism. Our objective is to study the effect on the relationship between the level of accounting conservatism and performance of a central governance mechanism, namely, the ownership structure. We examine the concentration effect of institutional, wage and property of such a mechanism on the relationship between accounting conservatism and the accounting company’s performance which is measured by the return on equity in 60 French listed companies belonging to the SBF 120 index in all the period 2007-2012 of enterprises. Else more most of the results support the moderating effect of such a mechanism that has been ignored or overlooked by previous work.

The Global Financial Crisis has its origins in the surge in banking liquidity, which contributes to the volatility and instability of financial markets by affecting prices of financial instruments. This paper investigates the impact of banking liquidity, money supply and stock prices in ASEAN-3 economies. Although banking liquidity is widely attributed as one of the causes of financial instability, it is not fully verified or investigated despite earlier research attempts. The transmission channel of banking liquidity to banking credit is through net present value projects of firms. With higher net present value, this will support earnings and consequently share prices of firms will respond positively. This is the thesis statement of our paper and according to a major study, 52% of share returns emanate from macro-economic variables. To control for cross-section dependence and heterogeneity, this study use a panel data of 3 similar countries with 3 equations to study the relationship between money supply, liquidity and share prices over the period 2001:4 to 2012:2. Our findings show that banking liquidity is positively related to money supply with a positive impact on share prices.

The Gezira Scheme contributes more than 50% of cotton produced in the Sudan. During the seventies up to late eighties cotton alone contributed between 45 and 65% of the total foreign currency earning. Fluctuation in area, production, average yield and, benefits started from the begging of nineties in addition to high cost of production year after year and Government agricultural policies.

Therefore this study was an attempt to evaluate economic indicators (net present worth (NPW) and benefit cost ratio B/C ratio) of cotton production in the Gezira Scheme for the period (1970/71-2003/2004), also to compare three different periods of cotton production in Gezira (joint account system 1970/71-1980/81), (individual account system1981/82-1991/92), and (liberalization 192/93-2002/03) with respect to: Economic indicators (net present worth (NPW), benefit cost ratio B/C ratio), area, production and average yield. To identify some policy measures that may help to improve the production of cotton in the Gezira Scheme. The study mainly based on analysis of secondary data of cotton crop in Gezira Scheme. The methods of analysis used including the measurements of economic evaluation, descriptive statistics, simple mathematics, tabular analysis to describe the different periods.

The study proved that the economic evaluation during the periods (1970/71-2003/2004), (1970/1971-1980/1981), (1981/1982-1991/1992) and (1992/1993-2003/2004) were feasible and positive, fluctuation in the benefits, costs, and net benefits related to the Government agricultural policy. It’s recommended that the Government agricultural policies should be proper and subsidized to agriculture particularly increasing the area of cotton crop, and reducing the cost of production are more important, downstream cotton processing for added value, up stream of cotton inputs processing for import substitutions and improving of cotton productivity through research development and extension is necessary.

This paper aimed to analyse the impact of credit risk on profitability of five big UK commercial banks. For measuring profitability, two dependent variables ROA and ROE were considered whereas two variables for credit risks were: net charge off (or impairments), and nonperforming loans. Multiple statistical analyses were conducted on bank data from 2007 to 2015 to cover the period of financial crisis. It was found that credit risk indicators had a positive association with profitability of the banks. This means that even after the deep effects of credit crisis in 2008, the banks in the UK are taking credit risks, and getting benefits from interest rates, fee, and commissions etc. The results also reveal that the bank size, leverage, and growth were also positively interlinked with each other, and the banks achieved profitability after the financial crisis and learned how to tackle the credit risk over the years.

This paper aims to give the reader an overview of the latest available metrics to track customer behavior in physical retail stores. This presentation is mainly based on a literature review and leads in the next step to the question about how useful are such metrics and how can they used. Therefore, a representative study in Sweden was conducted to measure which factors have an impact on customer performance and which not. Based on statistical analysis the paper finds out that there is a significant relation between the usage of metrics and the profitability of the store.