International Journal of Public Health and Safety

Background: Economic impact widely considered on a number of successive health policy by the international as well as national bodies It gives elaborated data, as a remedial method on to solve such problems which affected state’s revenues, it needs to discuss the indirect cost borne in health care cost, factors like misdiagnosis, it not only leads to wastage of money but also periled quality of life.

Methods: Primarily noted custom practices followed health insurance policy, as one found mandatory in middle east region (Saudi, UAE, Oman) and tendency found in up growing private health insurers’ targeted specific class of people in south Asia, neglected lion share of people those working unorganized sector, Secondarily it considered expert opinion on needs for public health insurance scheme and implementation programs low and middle-income countries.

Results: A total of 463 experts’ opinion validated matters related health insurance scheme, fraudulent activities meted their clinical practices both internally and externally. Which were often noted health insurance scheme run by private sector, Here the health insurers’ to serve the common man efficient manner not reached at all, even paradigm shows not reproduced any desirable results to achieve national goals, (universal health coverage system). It also discussed similar temptation if the health insurance scheme brought under public health scheme, suggested to resolve such type of fraudulent activities by introducing co-payment system.

Conclusion: This study enabled us to find extent of utility in health insurance services, if once brings under public health programs, it needs vigilant on exploitation both extreme in consumer as well as health care providers. This study enabled us to find extent of utility in health insurance services, if once brings under public health programs, it needs vigilant on exploitation both extreme in consumer as well as health care providers. The public health care system improved significantly by supplying additional human resources and on by retained infrastructural facilities, for developing countries, it is an alternative option by integrating other national scheme like vehicle insurance for raising funds on this generally utilized services.

Introduction: Health care workers are frequently exposed to occupational hazards through percutaneous injury such as needle stick or cut with sharps, contact with the mucus membrane of eyes or mouth of an infected person, contact with non-intact skin exposed with blood or other potentially infectious body fluid. One of the potential hazards for healthcare workers (HCWS) is needle stick and sharp object injuries (NSSIs).

Objective: This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices among health care workers on needle stick and sharp object injuries.

Methods: Hospital based cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted among HCWs in army force referral and teaching hospital AA, Ethiopia. Pre tested structured questionnaire were administered to health care workers on other hospital in the same professional. Data was entered in to a computer using EPI-3 Info version 5.4 and Data was analyzed using SPSS version 16.0.

Results: The response rate of the survey was 99.3% and the results showed maximum participant were in the age group of 20-53 years. 97.2% of health care workers were aware of the fact that hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV could transmitted by needle-stick injuries. 82 (57.3%) had participated in any training related to infection prevention program. 40 (27.9%) and 38 (26.6%) were exposed blood /body fluids and had needle stick or sharp injuries in the last one year’s respectively. 104 (72.8%) were of the impression that needle should be recapped after used. 24 (16.8%) had been vaccinated against hepatitis B. The prevalence of NSSIs was highest among nurses 21 (55.5%) and injuries had occurred while sudden movement of the patient was the most common source of NSSIs.

Conclusion: The survey revealed that over all knowledge of health care workers about the risk associated with needle-stick injuries and use of preventive measures was adequate, however, the domains of attitude and practices need to be improved.