Business and Economics Journal

This study aims to identify the new contexts in which industrial, trade and innovation policies are being developed, with a focus on the changes inspired by the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The following questions will be investigated: What are the limits and impacts of industrial, trade and innovation policies from an Industry 4.0 perspective in Brazil and Portugal? The study is descriptive, being carried out through documental research and by using secondary data. As results, it highlights how industrial, trade and innovation policies in both countries were impacted by the crises that occurred in the period under analysis. Furthermore, there are limits to technological overflows and to an increase in the participation of both countries in global trade outside the logic of economic integration or insertion into blocks and free trade agreements.

This paper outlines one of the pivotal ambiance issues cladding India is that of speck contamination from the ignition of hydrocarbon deposits. This has sincere fitness outcomes and with the swift ballooning in the fiscal stability these influences are expanding. Along with it, the expansion of monetary condition is a mandatory and strategy designers are anxious about the feasibility that contamination depletion actions could lower extension remarkably. When look back over centuries, the thesis of progress has walked a long distance. It commenced with an emphasis on monetary advancement and progress, and gradually has landed to a station where explorers, authorities and academicians are searching at more comprehensive designs of livelihood than just simple progress. Imperishable evolution, gradually, has become the most significant conception at present and supplies a more understandable meaning of progress, associating up bionomical amenities and standard of living with monetary advancement. Such a prototype move in a stage of less than a centenary is no less than innovation.

Ethiopian Youth Revolving Fund (YRF) loan was established with objective to provide financial and technical assistance to unemployed youths in alleviating their economic and social difficulties using the sustainably. However, the government and Oromia Credit and Saving Share Company (OCSSCo) reports showed that loan repayment was not performed as expected for the reason not yet been studied. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of socio-economic factors on loan repayment performance and sustainability of YRF. The data was collected from 328 respondents from five clusters of Oromia Administrative zones. The descriptive and inferential statistics (chi-square test of association) were used to check the association of independent variables and their effect on dependent. The findings show the existence of peer pressure to use the fund for search for employment than facing hardship in creating job, poor business performance, loan diversion, and wrong choice of business types were affected YRF loan repayment performance at less than 5% level of significance. Finally, the government is recommended to work on creating awareness in public on creating own job, reconsider inclusion of entrepreneurship and business courses in the educational curriculum. OCSSCo should to provide adequate training and guidance to borrowers on fund utilization and management and arrange micro-insurance. Alternatively, the government should redesign the fund utilization by establishing businesses with the fund; employ the youths in it selling shares for each unemployed youth being employed in the business and finally handover the business to the youth after assuring financial viability.

Over decades, manufacturing firms are struggling to remain competitive in an intense manufacturing industry. The struggle is due to increasing manufacturing companies dealing in similar or related products. Given the competitive dynamics in the manufacturing industry, firms are proactively searching for viable strategies to ensure profitability and survival. Scholars and management have jointly conducted studies to find amicable strategies influencing firms’ profitability. Whereas various studies have been conducted on profitability, majority of these studies were concerned with strategies directly influencing profitability with little attention on the mediating role of other strategies. Specifically, little is known on mediation studies in manufacturing industry. Despite strategies directly influencing profitability being established, firms’ are in receivership with several kicked out of business indefinitely. This study bridges the gap by considering the mediating role of risk management on outsourcing and profitability of manufacturing firms. A cross-sectional research design was adopted. Specifically, a partial mediation approach was adopted following Baron and Kenny mediation guidelines. Results from Med-Graph and Sobel tests proved that risk management significantly mediated the relationship between outsourcing and profitability (Sobel Z-value=3.441, p=0.002). Hence, firms are encouraged to embrace mediation strategies in ensuring profitability and survival in the competitive environment.

The company has a limited legal capacity for the performance of any transaction and an attempt to perform any act beyond its legal capacity is ultra vires. The paper discourses the development of ultra vires doctrine in English company law. With this purpose, this piece unearths the canon of English courts judgments to pinpoint how and why the doctrine has been abrogated with time. The article demonstrates how the abrogation and modification of the objects clause have ended the doctrine of ultra vires in company law.