Journal of Antimicrobial Agents

Salmonella, Campylobacter, Listeria, Staphylococcus spp. and Escherichia coli infections with multidrug resistance are a problem in the poultry industry. Antibiotics alter the normal microbiota's delicate balance, resulting in symbiosis, immunosuppression and the emergence of secondary infections. Salmonella and Campylobacter colonisation in poultry has reportedly been reduced by bacteria phages. Bacteriophages can be combined with antibiotics to increase antibacterial activity because their specificity is higher than that of antibiotics. In order to specifically eradicate bacterial pathogens, species-specific phage’s have been developed, such as Staphylophage .For efficient biosecurity and biosafety measures, bacteriophage products such as BacWashTM and Ecocide PX have been developed as antiseptics and disinfectants. Phage therapy's effectiveness is influenced by the duration of use, the quantity.

One of the most frequently used essential oils in the field of aromatherapy is Cinnamomum velum L. essential oil also known as Ceylon cinnamon or cinnamon tree. It serves as an astringent, antipruritic, rubefacient and antiseptic agent when applied externally. Additionally, both in vitro and in vivo studies have shown its wide range of pharmacological effects, including the potential to treat headache, migraine, myalgia and neuralgia. Numerous studies have also supported its potent antiviral and antimicrobial qualities. The most representative substances that are typically present in greater quantities in and are crucial in determining its pharmacological activities are cinnamon aldehyde, eugenol, caryophyllene, cinnamyl acetate and cinnamic acid. Because of the situation with antibiotic resistance globally and the decreasing funding for developing.