Brief Report - (2025) Volume 15, Issue 6
Received: 01-Dec-2025, Manuscript No. jbbs-25-178294;
Editor assigned: 03-Dec-2025, Pre QC No. P-178294;
Reviewed: 17-Dec-2025, QC No. Q-178294;
Revised: 22-Dec-2025, Manuscript No. R-178294;
Published:
29-Dec-2025
, DOI: 10.37421/2155-9538.2025.15.506
Citation: Kovacs, Lina. ”Nanomaterials Revolutionize Drug Delivery: Enhanced Efficacy, Reduced Toxicity.” J Bioengineer & Biomedical Sci 15 (2025):506.
Copyright: © 2025 Kovacs L. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
The field of drug delivery has been profoundly revolutionized by the advent and application of nanomaterials, offering unprecedented opportunities to enhance therapeutic outcomes and mitigate adverse effects. Nanoparticles, with their tunable properties and versatile designs, are instrumental in improving drug solubility, stability, and enabling targeted delivery to specific sites within the body, thereby boosting therapeutic efficacy and reducing systemic toxicity [1].
Focusing specifically on cancer therapy, nanocarriers have emerged as critical tools for the effective delivery of chemotherapeutic agents. These advanced systems are engineered with design principles that aim to overcome biological barriers, achieve active targeting to tumor sites, and facilitate controlled drug release, a crucial aspect for maximizing therapeutic impact while minimizing damage to healthy tissues [2].
Beyond small molecule drugs, polymeric nanoparticles are playing an increasingly vital role in the delivery of nucleic acid-based therapeutics, such as small interfering RNA (siRNA) and messenger RNA (mRNA). The inherent fragility of these molecules necessitates sophisticated nanoparticle designs that protect them from degradation and ensure efficient cellular uptake, along with strategies for endosomal escape to enable their therapeutic action, such as gene silencing [3].
Lipid-based nanocarriers, including liposomes and solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), have demonstrated significant promise in drug delivery, particularly for hydrophobic drugs. Their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and inherent capacity to encapsulate poorly soluble compounds contribute to improved bioavailability and reduced local irritation at the administration site, with notable applications in oral and topical formulations [4].
Inorganic nanoparticles, encompassing materials like gold nanoparticles and mesoporous silica nanoparticles, offer unique advantages for drug delivery and theranostic applications. Their distinctive optical and electronic properties can be leveraged not only for drug loading and controlled release but also for advanced imaging modalities and photothermal therapies, expanding their utility in complex treatment regimens [5].
The development of stimuli-responsive nanomaterials represents a significant advancement in achieving precise drug release. These sophisticated materials are designed to release their therapeutic payload in direct response to specific internal or external triggers, such as localized changes in pH, temperature fluctuations, or the presence of specific enzymes, thereby enhancing therapeutic precision and minimizing off-target effects [6].
The formidable challenge of crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) for the treatment of neurological disorders is being addressed through innovative nanotechnology-based strategies. Various nanocarrier designs, including nanoparticles functionalized with specific targeting ligands, are being explored to facilitate drug transport across this critical physiological barrier, offering new hope for debilitating conditions like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease [7].
A burgeoning area of research involves immunomodulatory nanomaterials designed to interact strategically with the immune system for therapeutic purposes. These nanomaterials can be engineered to either enhance anti-tumor immunity, a critical aspect of cancer immunotherapy, or to suppress detrimental inflammatory responses, which is highly relevant for the treatment of autoimmune diseases [8].
The successful translation of nanomaterials from laboratory research to clinical applications hinges on efficient and scalable manufacturing techniques. A range of methods, from top-down and bottom-up approaches to self-assembly, emulsion-based techniques, and nanoprecipitation, are employed to produce diverse nanoparticle types, with considerations for their scalability and suitability for industrial production [9].
Crucially, the widespread adoption of nanomaterials in drug delivery necessitates a thorough understanding and rigorous evaluation of their safety and regulatory implications. Potential toxicological concerns associated with nanoparticles require careful assessment, and robust regulatory frameworks and guidelines are essential for their development and clinical translation, emphasizing the need for comprehensive risk assessment throughout the entire process [10].
Nanomaterials have fundamentally reshaped the landscape of drug delivery by providing sophisticated platforms for the enhanced administration of therapeutic agents. Their ability to improve drug solubility, enhance stability, and facilitate targeted delivery makes them invaluable tools in modern medicine, leading to superior therapeutic outcomes and a significant reduction in systemic toxicity by minimizing off-target effects [1].
In the challenging domain of cancer therapy, nanocarriers have become indispensable for the precise delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs. Their design principles focus on overcoming biological barriers inherent to tumor microenvironments, achieving active targeting through specific ligand-receptor interactions, and enabling sustained or triggered drug release directly at the tumor site, thereby maximizing efficacy and minimizing side effects [2].
For the delivery of delicate nucleic acid-based therapeutics, such as siRNA and mRNA, polymeric nanoparticles offer a protective and efficient delivery vehicle. These advanced nanoparticles are engineered to shield these biomolecules from enzymatic degradation in the bloodstream, facilitate their entry into target cells, and crucially, promote endosomal escape to allow for intracellular activity, such as gene silencing [3].
Lipid-based nanocarriers, prominently including liposomes and solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), are particularly adept at delivering hydrophobic drugs, which often exhibit poor water solubility. Their inherent biocompatibility and biodegradability, coupled with their capacity to encapsulate lipophilic compounds, lead to enhanced oral and topical bioavailability and reduced local irritation, making them versatile for various routes of administration [4].
Inorganic nanoparticles, such as gold nanoparticles and mesoporous silica nanoparticles, present a unique set of properties that are highly beneficial for biomedical applications. Beyond their drug-carrying capabilities, their optical and electronic characteristics allow for sophisticated imaging and localized therapeutic modalities like photothermal therapy, integrating diagnostic and therapeutic functions within a single platform [5].
The development of stimuli-responsive nanomaterials has introduced an unprecedented level of control over drug release kinetics. These smart materials are designed to liberate their encapsulated therapeutic cargo only when exposed to specific environmental cues or external stimuli, such as variations in pH, temperature, or enzymatic activity, which are often characteristic of disease sites, thereby ensuring targeted and precise drug delivery [6].
Neurological disorders pose significant treatment challenges, largely due to the restrictive nature of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Nanotechnology offers promising solutions through various nanocarrier strategies, including the functionalization of nanoparticles with targeting ligands that can mediate transport across the BBB, opening new avenues for treating conditions like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease [7].
The immune system's complex role in disease pathogenesis and treatment response can be modulated using immunomodulatory nanomaterials. These advanced materials are designed to engage with the immune system, either to bolster anti-tumor immunity in cancer patients or to dampen excessive inflammatory responses in autoimmune conditions, offering a novel approach to therapeutic intervention [8].
The practical realization of nanomedicine relies heavily on robust and scalable manufacturing processes for nanomaterials. Techniques encompassing both top-down and bottom-up approaches, including self-assembly, emulsion-based methods, and nanoprecipitation, are vital for producing a wide array of nanoparticles suitable for large-scale production and commercialization [9].
Integral to the successful clinical translation of nanodrug delivery systems are rigorous safety evaluations and well-defined regulatory pathways. Addressing potential toxicological concerns associated with nanoparticles and establishing clear guidelines for their development, manufacturing, and clinical application are paramount for ensuring patient safety and facilitating regulatory approval [10].
Nanomaterials are revolutionizing drug delivery by improving solubility, stability, and targeting, leading to enhanced efficacy and reduced toxicity. They are particularly impactful in cancer therapy for delivering chemotherapeutics and in delivering nucleic acid-based drugs using polymeric nanoparticles. Lipid-based nanocarriers are effective for hydrophobic drugs, while inorganic nanoparticles offer theranostic capabilities. Stimuli-responsive nanomaterials enable precise drug release, and nanotechnology is being used to overcome the blood-brain barrier for neurological disorders. Immunomodulatory nanomaterials offer new therapeutic avenues by interacting with the immune system. Efficient manufacturing techniques are crucial for large-scale production, and rigorous safety and regulatory considerations are paramount for clinical translation.
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