Abstract

The transition to sustainable and resilient energy systems is one of the most pressing challenges of our time. As we strive to mitigate climate change and secure energy access for growing populations, energy system models have become essential tools for planning and policy-making. Traditionally, these models have focused on the technical and economic aspects of energy systems, often overlooking the equally crucial sociotechnical factors. This article aims to present the present situation of examining socio-technical factors in energy system models and suggest future directions for enhancing the integration of these vital aspects. Energy system models have typically emphasized the technical and economic dimensions, considering energy sources, technologies, costs, and emissions. While these are undoubtedly important, they represent only one side of the complex energy equation. Socio-technical factors encompass the social, cultural, political, and behavioral aspects that influence energy production, consumption, and management. Neglecting these factors can lead to models that are inadequate for understanding and guiding energy system transitions.