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Tumor Necrosis Innovations | Open Access Journals
Neurological Disorders

Neurological Disorders

ISSN: 2329-6895

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Tumor Necrosis Innovations

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) is an inflammatory cytokine that is released by various types of cells, including immune effector cells and tissue-specific cells. TNF-alpha has been shown to promote inflammation through the activation and induction of interleukin 1 (IL-1), IL-6 and IL-8 cytokines and by upregulation of adhesion molecules on endothelial cells resulting in increased extravasation of leukocytes. Theoretically, the TNF blockade should have broad potential in the treatment of many inflammatory diseases. Currently, 3 TNF-alpha inhibitors available in the United States are approved for psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis: infliximab, etanercept and adalimumab. Many case reports and case series have been published in recent years reporting on the off-label uses of these drugs in various inflammatory skin diseases. This review summarizes the most recent reports on 20 of these conditions.

The main function of TNF is to stimulate inflammation by activating transcription of genes via the IKK / NFκB and JNK / AP-1 signaling cascades. TNF can also trigger apoptosis by caspase-8, but the role and underlying mechanism of this activity is not fully understood. Here, we review recent data on the role of JNK in the regulation of TNF-dependent apoptosis and discuss what is known so far about how cells decide to live or die in response to TNF

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Neurological Disorders received 1343 citations as per Google Scholar report

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