Ligninolytic Organisms

"Currently, a lot of studies have focused on white rot fungi that seem to be more prospective organisms. These fungi are efficient ligninolytic organisms capable of degrading many xenobiotic compounds including various types of dye such as azo, anthraquinone, reactive, and triphenylmethane dyesDue to the complexity of the biodegradation mechanism of ligninolytic system, requirements for some redox mediators and low pH for the optimum activity of the enzymes will be present in a wastewater, which are major disadvantages of bioremediation by white rot fungi. On the other hand, studies of nonligninolytic fungi degrading dyes are few. Such studies are very interesting not only from the standpoint of comparative biology but also with the expectation of finding better fungi for use in the treatment of dye effluents. Ligninolytic fungi and enzymes (i.e., laccase, manganese peroxidase, and lignin peroxidase) have been applied recently in the production of second-generation biofuels. This review contains the analysis of ligninolytic enzymes and their applications in second-generation biofuels. In here, each of the ligninolytic enzymes was described analyzing their structures, catalysis, and reaction mechanism. Additionally, delignification and detoxification, the two most important applications of ligninolytic enzymes, were reviewed and analyzed. The analysis includes an evaluation of the biochemical process, feedstocks, and the ethanol production. This review describes the current situation of the ligninolytic enzymes technology and its future applications in bioethanol industry.

"Currently, many studies have focused on white rot fungi which appear to be more potential organisms. These fungi are effective ligninolytic organisms capable of degrading many xenobiotic compounds, including various types of dyes such as azo dyes , anthraquinones, reagents and triphenylmethanics. the complexity of the biodegradation mechanism of the ligninolytic system, the needs of certain redox mediators and the low pH for the optimal activity of enzymes will be present in wastewater, which are major drawbacks of bioremediation by white rot fungi. Few dyes degrading non-ligninolytic fungi. Such studies are very interesting not only from the point of view of comparative biology, but also in the hope of finding better fungi for use in treatment of dye effluents. ampoules and ligninolytic enzymes (i.e. and lignin peroxidase) have recently been applied to the production of second generation biofuels. w contains the analysis of ligninolytic enzymes and their applications in second generation biofuels. Here, each of the ligninolytic enzymes has been described by analyzing their structures, catalysis and reaction mechanism. In addition, delignification and detoxification, the two most important applications of ligninolytic enzymes, were examined and analyzed. The analysis includes an assessment of the biochemical process, raw materials and ethanol production. This review describes the current state of ligninolytic enzyme technology and its future applications in the bioethanol industry.