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Astrophysics & Aerospace Technology

Astrophysics & Aerospace Technology

ISSN: 2329-6542

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Alopecia Areata Open Access Articles

Alopecia areata is also known as point baldness. It is a condition in which hair is lost from some or all areas of the body. Often this results in a few bald spots on the scalp, each the size of a room. Psychological stress can result. People are generally in good health. In a few cases, all of the scalp hair or body hair is lost and the loss may be permanent. Alopecia areata is thought to be an autoimmune disease resulting from an attack on the immune privilege of the hair follicles. Risk factors include a family history of the disease.

Alopecia areata (AA) is a chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory disorder of the anagen hair follicles leading to recurrent hair loss without scarring. The most common presentation is localized patches of hair loss on the scalp (alopecia focalis), however, more extensive forms can cause diffuse hair loss throughout the body, including eyelashes and eyebrows (universal alopecia [AT]). AA can have a huge psychosocial impact on patients and families. AA is associated with a significant prevalence of psychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder and social phobia.  Poor health-related quality of life (HRQoL) has been found in patients with AA, and higher severity is correlated with lower HRQoL, especially in pediatric populations. It is therefore crucial to treat both the psychological and medical / clinical aspects of the disease in each patient.

 

Treatment can be difficult. While many improve spontaneously or respond to standard treatment, patients with more serious illness can be quite refractory. Up to 50% of patients experience spontaneous hair regrowth in one year but may relapse. [3] Recent advances in understanding AA pathophysiology hold promise for better treatments in the future.

The prevalence of other autoimmune diseases in patients with AA is 16% , including thyroid disease, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), vitiligo, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) , celiac disease and inflammatory bowel disease. There is also an increased risk of atopic dermatitis in patients with alopecia, in particular total alopecia (AT) and AU . As in psoriasis, AA can occur as a side effect of biological therapy with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) -alpha inhibitors used to treat other autoimmune conditions.

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