Shrenik Ostwal
Dr. Alena
During the calendar year 2019, JAPRE received a total of 9 papers, out of which 4 articles (44%) were rejected in the preliminary screening due to plagiarism or being out of the format and peer review process. During 2019 around 5 articles were subjected for publication after they are accepted in the peer review process.
Anesthesiology is a medical speciality that deals with all aspects of patient care before, during, and after operation. Anesthesia, intensive care medicine, critical emergency medicine, and pain medication are all included. An anesthesiologist is a doctor who specialises in anaesthesia. The study and use of anaesthesia and anaesthetics to properly support a patient's essential functions during the perioperative phase is at the heart of the speciality. Anesthesiology has progressed from an experimental discipline in which non-specialist practitioners used novel, unproven medications and techniques in the nineteenth century to a highly refined, safe, and effective specialty of medicine today. Anesthesiologists are the largest single group of doctors in hospitals in some countries, and their responsibilities can extend far beyond providing anaesthesia care in the operating room, including prehospital emergency medicine, running intensive care units, transporting critically ill patients between facilities, and prehabilitation programmes to help patients recover faster. The practise of anaesthesia lies at the heart of anesthesiology as a discipline.
Baclofen is a y-aminobutyric acid agonist that has been licenced for the treatment of spasticity and is widely used in the treatment of neuropathic pain. This medicine has been shown to be effective in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia in controlled investigations. Baclofen is a gamma-aminobutyric acid agonist that has been approved for the treatment of spasticity and is commonly used in the treatment of neuropathic pain. In controlled studies, this drug has been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia. The most effective use of bachfen as an adjuvant analgesic necessitates a thorough understanding of its pharmacology, side effect profile, and dose guidelines, all of which have proven to be valuable in clinical practise [1]. While baclofen was developed as a more brain penetrant form of GABA (-aminobutyric acid) for the treatment of epilepsy, its highly effective muscle relaxant qualities led to its approval as a race mate for the treatment of spasticity. Baclofen was approved by the FDA before its receptor, GABAB, was discovered and its full mechanism of action was understood.
Khuong Lahn
Complex regional pain syndrome, also known as reflex sympathetic dystrophy, refers to a group of painful diseases marked by persistent regional pain that appears to be disproportionate in time or severity to any known trauma or other lesion. Changes in the somatosensory systems, which process noxious, tactile, and temperature information; the sympathetic systems, which innervate skin structures like blood vessels and sweat glands; and the somatomotor systems, which control movement, cause complex regional pain syndrome. The modifications indicate that the central nervous system representations have been updated. Patients with complex regional pain syndrome also have abnormalities in their peripheral nervous system. Pain (spontaneous pain, hyperalgesia, allodynia), active and passive movement disorders (including an increased physiological tremor), abnormal regulation of blood flow and sweating, oedema of skin and subcutaneous tissues, and trophic changes of skin, skin organs, and subcutaneous tissues are the most common symptoms. Inflammation caused by the nerves' release of certain pro inflammatory chemical signals, sensitised nerve receptors that send pain signals to the brain, dysfunction of the local blood vessels' ability to constrict and dilate appropriately, and maladaptive neuroplasticity are all clinical features of the complex regional pain syndrome. The signs and symptoms of the complicated regional pain system usually appear close to the site of the injury.
Seth Stimberg
First and foremost, we'd want to express our profound gratitude to every one of the Open Access Journal's editors who serve on the editorial board. The Journal of Anaesthesiology and Pain Research engaged with 18 editorial board members and it publishes high-quality publications in the fields of anaesthesiology and pain research. An Editorial Tracking System, which is an online manuscript submission, review, and tracking device, is used for quality control in the peer-review process. Each citable manuscript must be authorised by at least two independent reviewers before being accepted by the publisher; review processing is handled by members of the Journal's editorial board or outside experts. Authors will send manuscripts and use the tracking system to track their development. As everyone is aware, reviewers play a critical role in promoting the Editors' need to maintain high standards of informative excellence in the work we distribute. We are grateful to our board members for their significant contributions to both our rigorous companion audit system and the Journal's critical advancement. Global experts in similar logical distributions are part of the Journal community. All submitted papers go through various processes to ensure uniformity in delivery. The compositions are audited using the standard companion audit procedure. Preliminary scanning is done using an endless amount of paper.
Seth Stimberg
First and foremost, we'd want to express our profound gratitude to every one of the Open Access Journal's editors who serve on the editorial board. The Journal of Anaesthesiology and Pain Research engaged with 18 editorial board members and it publishes high-quality publications in the fields of anaesthesiology and pain research. An Editorial Tracking System, which is an online manuscript submission, review, and tracking device, is used for quality control in the peer-review process. Each citable manuscript must be authorised by at least two independent reviewers before being accepted by the publisher; review processing is handled by members of the Journal's editorial board or outside experts. Authors will send manuscripts and use the tracking system to track their development. As everyone is aware, reviewers play a critical role in promoting the Editors' need to maintain high standards of informative excellence in the work we distribute. We are grateful to our board members for their significant contributions to both our rigorous companion audit system and the Journal's critical advancement. Global experts in similar logical distributions are part of the Journal community. All submitted papers go through various processes to ensure uniformity in delivery. The compositions are audited using the standard companion audit procedure. Preliminary scanning is done using an endless amount of paper. After that, fitting papers are given out, along with two free references. The remarks of the arbitrators are taken into account by the Editor in Chief, who is in responsibility of making a final decision.
Kimichi Nakamura
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening lung disease that results in low blood oxygen levels. People who acquire acute respiratory distress syndrome can develop over several days or abruptly worsen. Shortness of breath is frequently the first symptom of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Low blood oxygen, fast breathing, and clicking, bubbling, or rattling noises in the lungs are also signs and symptoms of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Acute respiratory distress syndromes are usually sick as a result of another illness or a significant accident. Surfactant breaks degraded as fluid builds up inside the small air sacs of the lungs in acute respiratory distress syndrome can develop over several days or abruptly worsen. Shortness of breath is frequently the first symptom of ARDS. Low blood oxygen, fast breathing, and clicking, bubbling, or rattling noises in the lungs are also signs and symptoms of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Surfactant is a frothy substance that helps people breathe by keeping their lungs fully extended. These alterations make it difficult for the lungs to fill with air and transport adequate oxygen into the circulation and throughout the body. Scarring and stiffening of the lung tissue is a possibility. Acute respiratory distress syndrome can develop over several days or abruptly worsen. Shortness of breath is frequently the first symptom of acute respiratory distress syndrome can develop over several days or abruptly worsen. Shortness of breath is frequently the first symptom of acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Seth Stimberg
Humans can only survive for a few minutes without oxygen, which is why it is such an important element for life. In order to sustain homeostasis in the body, there must be a balance between oxygen demand and delivery. The respiratory and cardiovascular systems are the two main organ systems responsible for oxygen supply in the body and maintaining homeostasis. Hypoxemia and its negative repercussions would result if any of these two functions abnormally. Hypoxemia can be caused by a variety of factors, but the most common underlying cause is a ventilation/perfusion mismatch. The current review will concentrate on the definition, aetiology, mechanisms, and treatment of hypoxemia in humans. Hypoxemia is characterised by a drop in the partial pressure of oxygen in the blood, whereas hypoxia is characterised by a reduction in tissue oxygenation. It could be caused by either a lack of oxygen delivery or a lack of oxygen use by the tissues. Hypoxia and hypoxemia do not necessarily go hand in hand. If there is a compensatory rise in haemoglobin level and cardiac output, patients can develop hypoxemia without hypoxia (CO).
Khuong Lahn
Methylprednisolone is a synthetic glucocorticoid steroid that was created to have better anti-inflammatory and mineralocorticoid activity than cortisol, the prototype glucocorticoid steroid (hydrocortisone). As a glucocorticoid or antiinflammatory medication, methylprednisolone is about four times as effective as hydrocortisone, with around 0.8 times the amount of mineralocorticoid. Methylprednisolone also has a longer action time than hydrocortisone, with a plasma half-life of 2.5 hours compared to 1.5 hours for hydrocortisone. In the current treatment of MS, methylprednisolone is particularly crucial in the acute phase of recurrence. It reduces the inflammatory cycle in a variety of ways, including dampening the inflammatory cytokine cascade, inhibiting T cell activation, decreasing immune cell extravasation into the central nervous system, facilitating apoptosis of activated immune cells, and indirectly decreasing the cytotoxic effects of nitric oxide and TNF-a. As more information about these systems becomes available, it may become possible to develop therapy regimens that are better tailored to the individual as well as the disease state. The only effective neuroprotective drug studied in controlled multicentre clinical trials is high-dose methylprednisolone, as suggested by the National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Studies (NASCIS-2 and NASCIS-3). Methylprednisolone was studied as a lipid peroxidation inhibitor, with the goal of reducing posttraumatic degenerative alterations in the damaged spinal cord. However, several researchers and physicians have questioned the usefulness of methylprednisolone for the treatment of acute traumatic SCI due to inconsistent experimental data and the relatively tiny neurological benefits shown in humans
Khuong Lahn
Dexmedetomidine is a strong 2-adrenoceptor agonist with an affinity for the receptor that is 8 times greater than clonidine. After intravenous treatment to healthy volunteers or postsurgical patients in the intensive care unit, dexmedetomidine exerts sedative, analgesic, and anxiolytic effects. In postsurgical patients, dexmedetomidine caused a predicted haemodynamic drop (dose-dependently lower arterial blood pressure and heart rate), which coincided with lower plasma catecholamin levels. Dexmedetomidine 0.2 to 0.7 g/kg/h generated clinically effective sedation and greatly reduced analgesic requirements in postsurgical ventilated critical care unit patients in phase III clinical trials. After the assisted ventilator was turned off, there was no clinically noticeable respiratory depression. Dexmedetomidine (Precedex) is a selective a2-adrenergic receptor agonist that is a pharmacologically active dextroisomer of medetomidine. In the United States, it is approved for the sedation of mechanically ventilated adult patients in an intensive care unit, as well as non-intubated adult patients before to and/or during surgical and other procedures.
DOI: 10.37421/2684-5997.2023.6.168
DOI: 10.37421/2684-5997.2023.6.169
Chronic pain is a complex and debilitating condition that affects millions of individuals worldwide. It is defined as pain that persists for more than three months and often presents significant challenges in terms of management, quality of life, and functional capacity. For patients with chronic pain who require surgical procedures, anesthetic considerations become crucial in ensuring both effective pain control and safe perioperative care. This article delves into the multifaceted aspects of anesthetic management for patients with chronic pain undergoing surgical procedures, encompassing preoperative assessment, intraoperative strategies, and postoperative pain management.
DOI: 10.37421/2684-5997.2023.6.170
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The perioperative period, encompassing the time before, during, and after surgery, is often associated with elevated levels of anxiety and pain for patients. Preoperative anxiety and postoperative pain can lead to various physiological and psychological complications, including delayed recovery, increased hospital stays, and dissatisfaction with the surgical experience. As a result, there has been growing interest in exploring complementary approaches, particularly mind-body interventions, to alleviate these challenges. Mind-body interventions encompass a range of techniques that leverage the connection between mental and physical states, aiming to improve overall well-being. This paper delves into the role of mind-body interventions in reducing perioperative anxiety and pain, highlighting their mechanisms of action, evidence-based benefits, and potential challenges.
DOI: 10.37421/2684-5997.2023.6.178
DOI: 10.37421/2684-5997.2023.6.179
Postoperative pain management is a critical aspect of surgical care. In recent years, there has been a growing concern regarding the development of chronic postoperative pain (CPOP) after surgical procedures. CPOP can significantly affect patients' quality of life and contribute to long-term healthcare costs. This review explores the various anesthesia techniques and their potential influence on CPOP. It delves into the role of regional anesthesia, opioids and other adjuvants in CPOP, highlighting both the risk factors and preventive strategies for this challenging condition.
DOI: 10.37421/2684-5997.2023.6.180
Regional anesthesia has emerged as a crucial component of modern perioperative care, providing effective pain relief and minimizing the risks associated with general anesthesia. Over the years, advancements in regional anesthesia techniques have greatly expanded its scope and efficacy. This review delves into the evolution of regional anesthesia, the development of novel techniques and their applications in different surgical specialties. We explore ultrasound guidance, continuous catheter-based techniques and the use of adjuvants to enhance regional anesthesia outcomes. By shedding light on these innovations, we aim to provide healthcare professionals with insights into the latest trends in regional anesthesia and their potential impact on patient care.
DOI: 10.37421/2684- 5997.2023.6.181
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DOI: 10.37421/2684-5997.2023.6.197
The delivery of comprehensive healthcare in any clinical setting involves assessing the multifaceted needs of patients. In recent years, a holistic approach to patient care has gained increasing recognition, focusing on not only the medical aspect of a patient's condition but also their psychological, social, and economic needs. The SPARC Holistic Needs Assessment Instrument has emerged as a valuable tool to facilitate this approach. This article discusses the development and application of a joint approach to implement the SPARC Holistic Needs Assessment Instrument in the clinical settings of Colombia.
DOI: 10.37421/2684-5997.2023.6.198
Patients with critical heart illnesses often present a unique set of challenges in the administration and management of oral medications. The absorption and disposition of oral medications can be significantly altered by the pathophysiological changes associated with heart diseases, the use of concomitant medications, and the need for rapid and effective therapy. This article explores the complexities of oral medication absorption and disposition in patients with critical heart conditions, shedding light on the factors that influence drug pharmacokinetics and the strategies to optimize drug therapy. Heart failure is a common critical heart condition that affects millions of individuals worldwide. In heart failure, the heart's ability to pump blood efficiently is compromised, leading to a decrease in systemic perfusion and oxygen delivery to vital organs. This condition often requires multiple medications to manage symptoms, improve cardiac function, and reduce mortality.
DOI: 10.37421/2684-5997.2023.6.199
Intracranial aneurysms, a potentially life-threatening condition, require surgical intervention to prevent rupture and associated neurological complications. The choice of anesthetic agents and techniques during intracranial aneurysm repair is of paramount importance, as they can impact patient outcomes, including postoperative neurological function. This article presents a comparative study examining the maintenance of anesthesia with propofol and/or volatile anesthetics during the repair of intracranial aneurysms, focusing on their respective effects on neurological results.
DOI: 10.37421/2684-5997.2023.6.200
Intensive Care Units (ICUs) play a vital role in the care and treatment of critically ill patients, often involving continuous monitoring of their vital signs and conditions. With the advancement of technology, there has been a growing interest in avatar-based patient monitoring, where digital representations of patients are created to enhance real-time data visualization and clinical decision-making. This article presents an international investigation into user views of avatar-based sequential mixed-methods patient monitoring in ICUs, exploring the potential benefits, challenges, and ethical considerations associated with this innovative approach.
DOI: 10.37421/2684-5997.2023.6.201
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DOI: 10.37421/2684-5997.2024.7.243
Innovations in anaesthesia monitoring are revolutionizing patient care by providing real-time data and enhancing patient safety. This paper explores the latest advancements in anaesthesia monitoring technologies, including continuous real-time data acquisition, integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI), and predictive analytics. These innovations improve the accuracy of monitoring vital signs and physiological parameters, enabling anaesthesiologists to make informed decisions promptly. By reviewing current literature and case studies, this paper discusses the impact of these technologies on patient outcomes, the challenges associated with their implementation, and future directions for research and development in anaesthesia monitoring.
DOI: 10.37421/2684-5997.2024.7.244
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DOI: 10.37421/2684-5997.2024.7.241
Effective pain management is crucial for improving patient quality of life, yet it presents numerous ethical challenges. This paper explores the ethical considerations in pain management, focusing on the balance between providing adequate pain relief and minimizing the risks associated with treatment. Through a review of existing literature and ethical frameworks, this paper discusses the principles of beneficence, nonmaleficence, autonomy, and justice in the context of pain management. It examines the dilemmas faced by healthcare providers, including the use of opioids, alternative therapies, and the potential for addiction and abuse. The paper concludes with recommendations for ethical decisionmaking in pain management practices.
DOI: 10.37421/2684-5997.2024.7.239
DOI: 10.37421/2684-5997.2024.7.242
Chronic pain syndromes characterized by persistent pain that lasts for months or even years, present a significant challenge to healthcare systems worldwide. While genetic factors have long been recognized in the pathophysiology of chronic pain, recent advances in epigenetics have shed new light on how gene expression modifications without changes in the DNA sequence contribute to these conditions. This review explores the emerging role of epigenetics in chronic pain syndromes, focusing on mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNAs. By examining the latest research, we aim to provide insights into how epigenetic changes influence chronic pain and highlight potential therapeutic targets for more effective pain management.
DOI: 10.37421/2684-5997.2024.7.247
Biofeedback is an increasingly recognized technique in the management of chronic pain, offering patients a non-pharmacological option for pain rehabilitation. This paper reviews the use of biofeedback in chronic pain rehabilitation, exploring its mechanisms, effectiveness, and applications. Through a comprehensive analysis of existing literature and clinical studies, the paper discusses the physiological and psychological benefits of biofeedback, its integration into multidisciplinary pain management programs, and the future directions for research in this field.
DOI: 10.37421/2684-5997.2024.7.238
Journal of Anesthesiology and Pain Research received 835 citations as per Google Scholar report
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