Armand James A. Vallejo*
The students behave defiantly in the academe because of peer pressure, family and relatives' high expectations, and the environment. This kind of behavior resulted in committing a wrongful act. This descriptive forensic linguistics analysis delved into the different school-recorded incidents and the language of crime used by the perpetrators. It used forensic stylistics analysis to identify the profile, recorded incidents, and the language of crime. It was revealed that females commit more wrongful acts than males by percentage, and all programs in the university have recorded different incidents. Moreover, the university has recorded different incidents, such as school crimes and violations. Lastly, the perpetrator uses the language of crime in maneuvering the wrongful act like the criminal speech act associated with the illocutionary force such as constative, directive, commissive, expressive, and declarative; conspiracy and threatening. It is recommended to strengthen the security in the academe to have a better learning environment and include in the language discussion the results of this study to orient the students on the different cases that may arise during their stay in the university.
Zulqurnain Nadeem*
Questioned document analysis involves the comparing of document with the known writing or documents and find out the erasures, alterations, obliterations in document. Any kind of forgery done in any document is known as questioned document. This paper describes the use of Video Spectral Comparator 6000 (VSC) and the ESDA (Electro Static Detection Apparatus). VSC works with different light sources and find out the forgery in any kind of document such as suicide notes, currency notes, passports, stamp papers, ID, agreement, check, bank draft etc. ESDA is useful for finding the indented writing or hidden writing. Low angle oblique light and photography were used to identify and decode indented text. Recently, an Electrostatic Detection Apparatus (ESDA), has been utilized to provide a visual picture of the indented text on transparency film. Those writing that are hidden below written pages due to pressure of ball point or pen. In this article also review the forged signature identification with helps in finding the forged signature by examine different features of identification. This paper serves three purposes: finding any kind of forgery through VSC, helpful to identify the hidden writing and identification of forged signatures. Several forensic professions compare the evidence to well-known things in order to ascertain its origins. The Analysis, Comparison, Evaluation and Verification (ACE-V) approach is a comparative technique used in several forensic fields. The ACE-V technique gives the examiner a structure to follow while they carefully evaluate the evidence.
Anupuma Raina*, Ajay Parkash, Jhansi Lakshmi Mylapalli, Deki Palmo Bodh, Govinda Balmuchu, Chittaranjan Behera, Sudipta Ranjan Singh, Rajnikanta Swain, Sindhu Sudha Sahu, Braja Kishore Mohapatra, Kamal Chauhan and Sanjeev Lalwani
Advancement in technology, safety in Indian railways has improved which decline the rates of train accidents i.e., collisions, derailment etc. However, train accident at Bahanga railway station at Balasore occurred on 2nd June 2023 in which around 293 passengers lost their lives and nearly 1200 passengers were injured raise question on railway safety measures. The main objective in such disaster is to identify the victims beside the reason behind the mishap. Forensic DNA analysis plays a key role in identification of mutilated bodies. As many as 81 deceased could not be identified mainly due to mutilation as many changes were observed in their bodies in due course of time; some were decapitated, in others only long bones were available. Also, most of these were not identified as they were travelling in unreserved compartments where there was no record available with the Railway Division. Sternum, teeth, scalp hairs and long bones which ever found suitable for DNA analysis were collected. The DNA analysis using autosomal STRs and Y-STRs was carried out for these unidentified bodies. As these bodies were embalmed using 10%-40% formalin for preservation so it is difficult to generate DNA profile even though DNA profile was generated successfully from all these 81 unknown bodies (100%) after 8-10 days of accident and compared with the claimants. 53 bodies were identified and handed over to their relatives on the basis of DNA Fingerprinting match, rest 28 bodies were disposed of. Sternum emerged as ideal sample for identification in comparison of teeth and long bones even after exposed to 40% formalin.
Suryanshi Biswas*
Background: When we talk about the age of documents, finding the age of ink on that document is the better option. Previously, many researches took place on various kind of inks and how to identify the age of that ink. It is called ink dating. Through this research we wanted to find out if we can perform ink dating with ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy as it is cheaper than any other instrumentation techniques and all the current techniques are not enough to accurately predict the age of the documents, they can only approximately predict the age of the document. Most have many limitations and most of the technique are destructive in nature. We need more research and development to find a technique which can reduce error rate as well as cost. Current technique can only measure the age to wide range like 1000 years old-10 years old but these technique fails if we try to find the age of document of 5 or less year old.
Result: In this research, we collected sample of ink of different age, written on same kind of paper with same ink brand. The pens are manufactured at same batch of ink. Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR) was performed on the sample to identify the component of the ink to find the maximum absorption of these components. The ink samples of different aged ink were examined through UV-Visible spectroscopy after the ink isolation by Solvent extraction method and when the samples were examined through UV-Vis Spectrophotometer, no direct relation was found between the results i.e., the readings of the spectrophotometer were random at two different wavelengths 500 nm and 600 nm.
Conclusion: After this experiment, we can conclude that it is not possible to estimate the age of the ink using only UV-Visible spectrophotometer.
Masar Abdul Kahalik Qaraghouli*, Hassan Mohamed Abouelkeir and Rania Abdueaziz Fahmy
Introduction: Sexual dimorphism is an important part of studies in the fields of anthropology and forensic sciences. The mandible is the most dimorphic bone in the skull and is crucial in determining sex. The study correlated and assessed the accuracy of mandibular ramus anthropometric parameters for sex prediction.
Materials and Methods: This study included 120 CBCT images (60 males and 60 females, over the age of 18). The scans were taken by I-CAT and exported to on demand 3DTM. Five mandibular ramus linear parameters were assessed bilaterally (minimum ramus breadth, maximum ramus breadth, coronoid height, condylar height and ramus projective height). On 3D volume rendering image parameters were measured using the mouse-driven method. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS (Version 23. The P<0.05 was considered significant).
Results: Prediction accuracy rates of 85.0% for females (51 female scans out of 60) and 50 male scans out of 60 males (accuracy rates of 83.3%). maximum ramus breadth area under the curve (AUC=0.77) was less than 43.94 indicating females, with a specificity of 64.29%. Projective ramus height had an excellent ability to predict females (AUC=0.83). less than 60.85 indicated female, with a specificity of 71.43%. The maximum ramus breadth, coronoid Height has an acceptable ability to predict females with a specificity of 64.29%. and 92.86%. respectively. The coronoid height less than 12.15 indicated female sex, with a specificity of 92.86%.
Conclusion: The mandibular ramus demonstrated significant sexual dimorphism using CBCT with high specificity. Maximum ramus breadth, coronoid height and projective ramus height were the most significant sex predictors.
Osahon Itohan Roli, Obi-Ojinika Chukubueze, Ibeabuchi Nwachukwu Mike
Background: Stature is an important indicator for identification like other phenotypic traits; it is determined by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Stature or body height is one of the most important and useful anthropometric parameters that determine the physical identity of an individual, it is also considered as one of the important and significant parameters for the establishment of personal identity in the forensic medical examination or anthropological studies, particularly with the alarming increase in the frequency of road, floods, deliberate mutilation, and natural disasters.
Objectives: To predict stature and sex from the percutaneous length of arm and forearm bones in an adult Nigeria population.
Methods: The sample group used for this research consists of staff, students, and volunteers from the University of Lagos, comprising 222 individuals (115 males and 107 females) aged between 18-65 years. Various anthropological instruments such as Stadiometer: a product of SECA alpha® model 770, Germany, anthropometric Tape: calibrated in centimeters, weighing balance, and caliper were used for taking the measurement.
Results and Conclusion: Logistic regression showed statistical significance in sex prediction with the highest value gotten from the intercondylar width. All parameters showed a positive correlation with stature with the strongest from ulnar while the weakest was in the intercondylar measurement. Percutaneous measurement of arm and forearm length of both males and females provides good reliability in the estimation of stature and predicting of sex. Sexual dimorphism correlates more with the intercondylar. Simple and multiple linear regressions proved that the best way to predict and estimate stature is by taking the foot length.
Richa Rohatgi* and Femin Dominica
Nanotechnology acts as a powerful classical tool for the purpose of identification, individualization and evaluation of materials with evidentiary value. The novel properties introduced by the changes in physical and chemical properties of the material are utilized for the forensic purposes in the detection of latent fingerprints, drugs, explosive materials etc. Nanomaterials area also proved to enhance the PCR efficiency and thereby benefits the DNA analysis. The nano-based analytical equipments such as Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Raman Micro spectroscopy and Time of Flight mass Spectroscopy (TOF-MS) are utilized for the visualization and the detection of evidences of trace amount. Among these, AFM possess wide range of applications in Forensic applications in a variety of fields such as determination of sequence of strokes, time since death, age of bloodstain etc and therefore focused in this paper, along with other nanoparticles applications.
Aqeel Ahmad*
In the mid 1980s, forensic DNA testing has been introduced It has played a very comprehensive role in providing service to the mankind via race finding, population determination, cast analysis, parental lineage, declaring punishment to the culprit and providing relief to the innocent. Remains of the victims of the mass disasters and of the missing people have been recombined for the identification purpose through linking them with the reference samples. The advancement of the new technologies have enhanced the capabilities of the laboratories working in recovering DNA results with more accuracy and improved sensitivity. Forensic laboratories have fully adopted automation for the sample preparation and for data analysis in order to provide efficient results. In forensic DNA analysis Short Tandem Repeat (STR) typing continues to be the most dependable and durable one although other genetic markers are also available and used for specific purposes.
Aqeel Ahmad*
In the mid 1980s, forensic DNA testing has been introduced It has played a very comprehensive role in providing service to the mankind via race finding, population determination, cast analysis, parental lineage, declaring punishment to the culprit and providing relief to the innocent. Remains of the victims of the mass disasters and of the missing people have been recombined for the identification purpose through linking them with the reference samples. The advancement of the new technologies have enhanced the capabilities of the laboratories working in recovering DNA results with more accuracy and improved sensitivity. Forensic laboratories have fully adopted automation for the sample preparation and for data analysis in order to provide efficient results. In forensic DNA analysis Short Tandem Repeat (STR) typing continues to be the most dependable and durable one although other genetic markers are also available and used for specific purposes.
Journal of Forensic Research received 2328 citations as per Google Scholar report
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