Industrial Engineering & Management

Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Technology, University of Johannesburg, South Africa

Publications

• Mini Review   
  Major Groups of Microbial Pigments and Their Industrial Uses
  Author(s): Norse Eoesr*
  
  Microbial pigments are natural compounds synthesized by microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, algae, and yeast. These pigments encompass a wide range of colors, from reds and oranges to yellows, greens, blues, and purples. They have gained significant attention for their potential applications across various industries due to their eco-friendly nature, stability, and diverse chemical properties. This article aims to explore the major groups of microbial pigments and their extensive industrial uses. Arotenoids are a prominent group of microbial pigments known for their vibrant colors, including yellow, orange, and red hues. Bacteria, algae, and fungi are key producers of carotenoids. Astaxanthin, β-carotene, lycopene, and zeaxanthin are well-known carotenoids with widespread industrial applications. Astaxanthin, a red pigment produced mainly by microalgae, finds utility in the f.. Read More»
  DOI: 10.37421/2169-0316.2025.14.281

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