Industrial Engineering & Management

Major Groups of Microbial Pigments and Their Industrial Uses

Abstract

Norse Eoesr*

Microbial pigments are natural compounds synthesized by microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, algae, and yeast. These pigments encompass a wide range of colors, from reds and oranges to yellows, greens, blues, and purples. They have gained significant attention for their potential applications across various industries due to their eco-friendly nature, stability, and diverse chemical properties. This article aims to explore the major groups of microbial pigments and their extensive industrial uses. Arotenoids are a prominent group of microbial pigments known for their vibrant colors, including yellow, orange, and red hues. Bacteria, algae, and fungi are key producers of carotenoids. Astaxanthin, β-carotene, lycopene, and zeaxanthin are well-known carotenoids with widespread industrial applications. Astaxanthin, a red pigment produced mainly by microalgae, finds utility in the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries due to its potent antioxidant properties and health benefits. β-carotene, synthesized by various microorganisms, serves as a natural colorant in food, feed, and cosmetics, while lycopene, abundant in tomatoes and certain bacteria, is valued for its antioxidant properties and applications in pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals.