Journal of Textile Science & Engineering

Block stamps were used to print on textiles. The art of block printing is very unique and labour intensive process, as it makes every piece of cloth one of a kind and different from others, which cannot be achieved with modern printing Block printing is an ancient Indian art that dates as far back as 12th century. Traditionally, hand carved wood techniques using automated machinery. Jute hessian cloth is used extensively as backing material for hand block printing table. The present study was taken to replace the hessian with other technical textiles like rubberized coir and 100% polyester non-woven backing following the standard thickness of jute hessian. Jute is kept as standard for comparison of results. All the samples were evaluated through a pre-tested questionnaire by 30 members who had sound knowledge on block printing. The results of the study revealed many facts regarding the depth, sharpness, clarity, overall appearance and fineness of the print, coir backing was rated first, considering fineness of print, nonwoven backing is rated to be the best of all samples.

The use of titration technique is proposed as an alternative method to determine the degree of deacetyletion (DD) in chitin/chitosan samples, based in both volumes taken before and after titration, and the unit mass of chitosan samples. Chitosan was partially deacetylated to different levels and obtained samples were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) to observe the change in band formation. Moisture uptake (%) were also calculated to observe the physical changes in the polysaccharide structure. Crystalline structures were observed and analyzed to see the change in the crystal structure of the anhydrous form of chitosan after deacetylation. It is noticed that the acetyl group can contribute to the formation of hydrogen bonds that can stabilize the crystalline structure. In addition, it is found that the samples with higher acetylation degree presents a higher water absorption percentage. This study describes the role of the functional group, acetyl groups, in crystalline chitin. Such information could provide preliminary understanding of chitosan samples in different degree of deacetylation which similar functional groups are encountered.

“Nothing is waste until and unless we know how to use it”. Recycling is a way to process, the used materials (waste) into new products to prevent waste of potentially useful materials. Textile waste recycling becomes more important phenomenon; bearing in mind the limited availability of resources to produce natural fibers as well as fossil raw materials to make synthetic fibres. Recycled textile waste can be further converted in the form of fiber for filling, recycled yarn, recycled woven fabric, recycled nonwoven fabrics etc. Therefore the present study has been conducted to prepare nonwoven fabric by using recycled cotton and polyester fibers.

Choosing the drying mode of cotton, from the point of view dehydration its components up to the normalized humidity is an actual problem. In this article the pattern of changing of the humidity of a fibre, seeds in various modes, and frequency rates of drying by which it will be possible to recommend optimum parameters of drying for uniform dehydration cotton and its components are determined.

Direct dyes represent one of the cheapest and the simplest dyeing systems usually require only an electrolyte for their application. They are widely used in the textile industry because they are cheap and the only problem is their fastness properties that were solved in this research. Different techniques have been developed to enhance their fastness properties, one of them being the use of a cationic dye fixing agents. Bleached jute fabrics were dyed with direct dye before and after the treatment of cationizing agents and their properties are compared. It was found that in terms of fabric rubbing fastness, washing fastness and K/S value, cationization after dyeing is superior to cationization before dyeing.c

A novel nanoencapsulated phase change material (PCM) based on an n-eicosane core and an inorganic silica shell was synthesized through sol-gel route by using tetraethyl-orthosilicate (TEOS) and sodium silicate as an inorganic silica-precursor at different conditions for enhanced thermal stability and phase change properties. Fourier transform infrared spectra confirm the chemical composition of synthesized nanocapsules. Scanning electronic microscopic images show that the nanocapsules consist of spherical morphology. Furthermore, nanocapsules present different particle size range between 250-550 nm with respect to their pH values; the optimum pH for n-eicosane/TEOS nanocapsules is 2.20, and 2.94 for n-eicosane/sodium silicate, respectively. In addition to this, capsules synthesized by using TEOS show small particle size distributions as compared to the ones integrated by using sodium silicate as a silica-precursor. Differential scanning calorimetry suggests that by controlling the acidity of the reaction solution nanoencapsulated n-eicosane/silica can achieve good phase change properties and high encapsulation efficiency. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) shows that silica-nanocapsules have good thermal stability and phase change performance. Synthesis of nanoencapsulated n-eicosane (PCM) with the silica shell material through sol-gel process can be a perspective technique to prepare the nano-PCMs with enhanced thermal transfer and phase change properties for potential applications to thermal-regulating textiles and fibers.

The use of reactive dyed products has dramatically increased over the last 50 years. Reactive coloring components are inert into materials which are adhered to the base substrate by the application of soda ash which act as fixing agent. The aim of our project is to know the color strength of Mono-flurotriazine-vinyl sulphone (MFT/VS), Mono-chlorotriazine-vinyl sulphone (MCT/VS) and Tri-Fluoro-Pyrimidine-Vinyl Sulphone (TFP/VS) reactive dyes. To fulfill the job at first the cotton fabric was scoured and bleached. Then dyeing was carried out with MCT/VS, MFT/VS and TFP/VS reactive dyes by exhaust method. For each types of reactive dye, light shade (0.5%), medium shade (1%) and deep shade (1.5%) were produced. After that K/S values were measured of each reactive dyed fabric. Also color fastness to wash was measured to observe the dyed fabric quality. Among the investigated reactive groups MCT/VS reactive dyes showed highest color strength and MFT/VS reactive dyes showed lowest color strength. The rating of color fastness to wash was found higher in MCT/VS reactive dyed samples and the lower rating was observed in TFP/VS reactive dyed samples.

The interest in fiber-reinforced polymer composites is growing rapidly due to its high performance in terms of mechanical properties, significant processing advantages, excellent chemical resistance, low cost, and low density. In the present work, hessian jute cloth, were used to prepare jute-polyester composites by hand lay-up and heat press molding techniques. The Jute fabrics were also treated with irradiated under gamma radiation (The source strength 50 kCi Cobalt-60) of various doses (2 kGy to 9 kGy). It was found that by using gamma radiation, the mechanical properties of these composites were improved and at 5 kGy doses all the composite structures shows the best mechanical properties. The increase in tensile properties of jute with increasing gamma radiation dose may be due to the intercross-linking between the neighboring cellulose molecules, which resulted in the strength of natural fibre. It was observed that tensile properties increase with gamma pretreatment up to a certain limit and then decrease due to the two opposing phenomena, namely, photocross-linking and photodegradation that took place simultaneously under gamma radiation.

Prediction of sewing thread consumption required to sew a garment is important as it enables a reliable estimation of the garment cost and requirement of sewing thread. The sewing thread consumption for made-up end products is of equal interest to the sewing thread producer as to the garment maker. Referring to literature works, the most important factors that affect the sewing thread consumption are sewing thread type, stitch density, fabric thickness, number of fabric plies and fabric composition. Also, the researchers have provided models for predicting sewing thread consumption using specific set of parameters i.e., a given set of stitch densities, thickness of fabrics, for cotton threads or polyester threads or polyester cotton core spun threads separately. This study focuses on developing a single model which can predict the sewing thread consumption for cotton and polyester-cotton core spun threads for sewing medium weight cotton fabrics using stitch density, fabric assembly thickness and breaking elongation of sewing threads. Regression models were developed first for cotton and polyester cotton core spun threads separately, and then a combined model for cotton and polyester-cotton core spun thread was developed. The single model developed had a R2 of 0.956, which is quite equivalent to those of individual models for cotton and polyester cotton core spun threads.

The textile industry uses much different kind of fibers as its, raw marital some of this fiber was know and use in the earlier years of civilization, as well as in modern times. Many types of fiber are available some are natural and other are synthetic. Natural fibers that occur in nature can declassified as vegetable, animals and mineral fibers. Silk is most beautiful, lustrous and a perfect fiber, it has been known and used as a textile material for thousands of year. No other fiber was so highly prized by the conquering races of the ancient world. This ancient preference is justified by the latest conclusion of science. Chemical analysis has shown silk to be mainly constitute of fibroin. From soft mucosa substances, fibroin hardens into filament shape and becomes a genius fiber, strong, bright, flexible and elastic. Minutely separable, the fibers of silk, if spun together, make a compact and even thread. These are the characteristic, which the textile worker seeks in every fiber. The ideal is actually found in silk because it is made up of filament so slender, that it can be woven into robes for consumer Because it is so tendentious and flexible, that the thread of silk combine in fabric of impenetrable density, and impervious to light ,moisture or heat. Silk is the protein us extradite ejected by the silk warm.

Design, Development and Production have largely relied on the same, often manual, methods despite all the technological advances happening in the world outside of fashion and apparel. Ten years ago, academic research (by contrast to the existing 3D virtual software solutions) posited about clothing companies complaints’ on the lack of effective garment-oriented CAD packages to design directly in 3D and provide the model list with tools for shape modelling and cloth behaviour simulation. Although, common place in other sectors, 3D virtual prototyping in the apparel industry has been slow and complex. A qualitative research investigating the level of the technology implementation in the early adopters, the vision of the big corporations, entrepreneurs and professional users for the global clothing and fashion industry as well as the challenges, opportunities and barriers that need to be overcome in order for digital prototype to accelerate business processes on an integrated basis.

Polyetherimide (PEI), an engineering plastic with very high glass transition temperature and excellent chemical and thermal stability has been processed into membranes of varying pore size, performance, and surface characteristics. A special grade of the polyetherimide was processed by melt blowing to produce microfiber nonwovens suitable as filter media. The resulting microfiber webs were characterized to evaluate their structure and properties. The fiber webs were further modified by hot pressing, a post processing technique, which reduces the pore size in order to improve the barrier properties of the resulting membranes. This ongoing research has shown that polyetherimide can be a good candidate for filter media requiring high temperature and chemical resistance with good mechanical properties.