Journal of Clinical Respiratory Diseases & Care: Open Access

Background: Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery is a surgical procedure to restore normal blood flow to the heart by bypassing obstructed coronary arteries. The goal of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery is to bypass clogged coronary arteries and return normal blood flow to the heart. Incentive Spirometry is used frequently as a component of postoperative pulmonary management and rehabilitation purpose. This study aimed to explore the effectiveness of Incentive Spirometry by reviewing of the article. Five articles were reviewed in order to fulfil the purpose of this study. With a PEDro score ranging from 5 to 7, randomized controlled trial was used. Studies compared or combined with Incentive spirometry, DBE, ACBT, expiratory positive airway pressure and conventional physiotherapy. From the review it is found out that Incentive spirometry improved arterial oxygenation, functional capacity, oxygen saturation, inspiratory muscle strength and prevention of atelectasis among patients undergone Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Therefore, it is convenient to conclude from the overall review that Incentive Spirometry (IS) is not superior to other conventional physiotherapy techniques, but when used in combination, it can be used as the most effective treatment technique for patients who have undergone coronary artery bypass grafting.

Pulmonary Hypertension (PH) is a complex and life-threatening condition characterized by elevated blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries, leading to increased strain on the heart and impaired blood flow to the lungs. Over the years, significant progress has been made in understanding the pathophysiology of PH, developing advanced diagnostic strategies and exploring novel therapeutic approaches. This article aims to delve into the recent advancements in these areas, shedding light on the evolving landscape of PH management. It affects the pulmonary vasculature, causing narrowing, stiffening and remodelling of the blood vessels. This increased pressure puts strain on the right side of the heart, leading to its enlargement and eventual heart failure if left untreated.

The human body is a complex ecosystem, housing trillions of microorganisms that play crucial roles in maintaining overall health. While the gut and lungs may seem unrelated, emerging research has unveiled a fascinating interplay between the two through what is known as the gutlung axis. The gut-lung axis refers to the bidirectional communication and influence between the intestinal microbiota and respiratory system. Understanding this intricate relationship offers novel insights into respiratory health and opens doors for potential therapeutic interventions. The microbial connections that shape the gut-lung axis and explore their implications for achieving optimal respiratory well-being. Recent research has shed light on the intricate relationship between the intestinal microbiota and respiratory well-being. The interplay between these two systems, often referred to as the gut-lung axis, has significant implications for respiratory health and the development of respiratory conditions. In this article, we explore the relationship between the intestinal microbiota and respiratory well-being and delve into the mechanisms through which they influence each other.

Adherence to inhaler medications plays a critical role in managing respiratory conditions such as asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). However, studies consistently show that patient adherence to inhaler regimens remains suboptimal, leading to decreased treatment effectiveness and increased healthcare costs. To address this issue, healthcare providers and researchers have developed evidencebased strategies and interventions aimed at optimizing patient adherence. This article explores some of the effective strategies and interventions that can help improve patient adherence to inhaler medications. One of the foundational approaches to enhancing adherence is providing patients with comprehensive education about their respiratory condition, the purpose of inhaler medications and proper inhaler technique.

Respiratory infections are a common concern among children, particularly in the pediatric population. These infections can range from mild illnesses like the common cold to more severe conditions such as pneumonia or bronchiolitis. Understanding the current trends in pediatric respiratory infections and implementing effective strategies for prevention and treatment is crucial for ensuring the health and well-being of children. Pediatric respiratory infections refer to infections that primarily affect the respiratory system in children. These infections can occur in various parts of the respiratory tract, including the nose, throat, sinuses, airways and lungs. They are a common cause of illness in children and can range from mild to severe, depending on the specific infection and the child's immune system.

Thoracic oncology, encompassing lung cancer and other malignancies of the thoracic region, is a significant global health concern. Despite advancements in early detection and treatment options, thoracic cancers remain a leading cause of cancer-related mortality. However, the advent of precision medicine has revolutionized the field, offering new hope for patients through targeted therapies and personalized treatment strategies. In this article, we will explore the impact of precision medicine on thoracic oncology and delve into the latest developments in targeted therapies and individualized treatment approaches. This includes primarily lung cancer, but also other malignancies such as thymic tumors, esophageal cancer and malignant pleural mesothelioma.

Asthma is a complex and heterogeneous respiratory condition that affects millions of people worldwide. Traditionally, asthma treatment has followed a one-size-fits-all approach, with standardized medications and management plans. However, advancements in precision medicine have paved the way for personalized approaches to asthma treatment, allowing for targeted therapies based on individual characteristics. This article explores the concept of refining asthma treatment through personalized precision medicine strategies, highlighting the potential benefits and advancements in this field. By tailoring therapies to individual patients based on their unique characteristics, precision medicine offers the potential for more effective and targeted interventions.

Respiratory diseases, such as asthma, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and pulmonary fibrosis, affect millions of people worldwide, presenting significant challenges for patients and healthcare providers alike. These conditions often require ongoing management, regular monitoring and timely intervention to prevent exacerbations and improve overall quality of life. Fortunately, the advancement of telemedicine has opened up new avenues for revolutionizing respiratory care, offering innovative solutions for enhanced disease management. This article explores the potential of telemedicine in transforming respiratory care, providing remote access to healthcare professionals, personalized monitoring and timely interventions. Respiratory diseases pose significant challenges for both patients and healthcare systems worldwide.

Pulmonary Embolism (PE) is a potentially life-threatening condition characterized by the blockage of one or more pulmonary arteries by blood clots. It is a major global health concern, affecting millions of people each year and resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. However, recent breakthroughs in diagnosis and treatment strategies have revolutionized the management of pulmonary embolism, offering new hope and improved outcomes for patients. The condition occurs when a Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) forms in the deep veins of the legs or pelvis and then breaks loose, traveling through the bloodstream and lodging in the pulmonary arteries. This can lead to various complications, including damage to lung tissue, increased strain on the heart, and even death if not promptly diagnosed and treated.

Sleep-Disordered Breathing (SDB) is a complex and multifaceted medical condition that affects millions of people worldwide. It encompasses a range of disorders, including snoring, Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) and Central Sleep Apnea (CSA), all of which disrupt the normal breathing patterns during sleep. Despite its prevalence and potential health consequences, sleep-disordered breathing remains a puzzling enigma in the medical field. This article aims to shed light on the mechanisms, clinical consequences and treatment strategies associated with this intriguing condition. The clinical impact of SDB and explores emerging treatment approaches that offer innovative solutions to mitigate its consequences. The recurrent episodes of disrupted breathing lead to fragmented sleep, daytime sleepiness and cognitive impairment. The cumulative effect of sleep deprivation can significantly impact quality of life, mood and productivity. Moreover, SDB has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, arrhythmias, stroke and heart failure. Addressing the clinical impact of SDB is crucial for improving patients quality of life and reducing the burden on healthcare systems.