Journal of Formulation Science & Bioavailability

Microbes are the foundation of our existence. Long thought to be a nuisance and carriers of numerous diseases, new study suggests that they play a role in processes that are advantageous to human survival and provide long-term disease protection. The large range of functions displayed by a variety of microorganisms implies diversity and heterogeneity at the molecular level, emphasising the need to dig deeper into the molecular underpinnings that determine different results. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a type of cancer that affects the liver.

During peritoneal dialysis, measuring intraperitoneal pressure is easy and has clear therapeutic benefits. Adult peritoneal dialysis machines, however, hardly ever measure it. This review's objective is to raise awareness of the importance of measuring intraperitoneal pressure. This measurement is performed with the patient supine before beginning the manual exchange with the "Y" system drain. The patient's liquid column height is measured from the mid-axillary line while the drain bag is raised. With typical ranges of 10 to 16 cmH₂O, intraperitoneal pressure should never exceed 18 cmH₂O. It increases the intraperitoneal volume by 1-3 cmH₂O/L at basal values that fluctuate with posture, physical activity, and body mass index.