Journal of Material Sciences & Engineering

Osteoinduction and Antiosteoporotic Performance of Hybrid Biomaterial Chitosan-Bioactive Glass Graft: Effects on Bone Remodeling

Abstract

Jebahi S, Oudadesse H, Faouzi FZ, Elleuch J, Rebai T, Keskes H, Mostafa A, El Feki A and El Feki H

Osteoinductive and antiosteroporotic phenomena could be created by using synthetic biomaterials for applications in bone surgery.
In the present study, CH-based bioactive glass (BG-CH) with 17 wt% chitosan was elaborated by a freeze-drying process. BG-CH was implanted in the muscle and in the femoral condyles of ovariectomised rats. Grafted tissues were carefully removed for physico-chemical and histological analysis.
Several physic-chemical techniques (XRD, FT-IR, MEB, ICP-OES and NMR) were employed to highlight the effects of chitosan on the glass matrix before and after implantation.
The results of the study show that despite the non-additional osteogenic cells or agents, BG-CH is endowed with an osteoinductive property. After 8 weeks, 13C NMR spectra showed the characteristic signals of γ-carbons of the hydroxyproline (71 ppm) abundant in collagen.
γ-carboxyglutamate (55 ppm), which occurs in several other bone proteins like osteocalcin, indicating the BGCH degradation and the dominance of the bone tissue formation. Moreover, this study showed a rise in Ca and P ion concentrations in the implanted microenvironment, leading to the formation/deposition of Ca-P phases. Trace elements such as Zn and Fe were detected in the newly-formed bone and involved in the bone healing. The study highlights the suitability and the extensive applications of BG-CH composites and the clinically useful therapy in regenerative medicine.