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Thyroid Nodule Research Articles | Open Access Journals
Reports in Thyroid Research

Reports in Thyroid Research

ISSN: 2684-4273

Open Access

Thyroid Nodule Research Articles

Thyroid nodules are common entities, frequently discovered in clinical practice, either during physical examination, but also incidentally, during various imaging procedures. They are clinically important mainly because of their malignant potential. For this reason, the initial assessment should always include a history and physical examination focusing on the characteristics suggesting a malignant tumor. Serum thyrotropin (TSH) and thyroid ultrasound (US) are essential in the assessment of thyroid nodules, as they respectively provide important information regarding the functionality of the thyroid nodules and the presence of features suspected of being malignant. Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNA) is the most accurate and reliable tool for diagnosing thyroid malignancy and selecting candidates for surgery, especially if it is performed under ultrasound guidance. Cytologic results from FNA biopsies will fall into an undetermined category in approximately 25% of cases, in which case malignancy cannot be safely excluded. The recent use of panels of genetic mutations and molecular markers, combined with cytological diagnosis, shows promising results in improving the preoperative diagnosis of undetermined thyroid nodules, thereby reducing the number of unnecessary surgeries. Other tools to predict the malignant potential of thyroid nodules still under study include elastography and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18FDG-PET).

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