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Oxidative Stress Open Access | Open Access Journals
Journal of Molecular Histology & Medical Physiology

Journal of Molecular Histology & Medical Physiology

ISSN: 2684-494X

Open Access

Oxidative Stress Open Access

 

Oxidative stress is essentially an imbalance between the production of free radicals and the body's ability to neutralize or detoxify their harmful effects by neutralization by antioxidants. A free radical is an oxygen-containing molecule that has one or more unpaired electrons, which makes it very reactive with other molecules. Oxygen by-products are relatively non-reactive, but some of them can undergo metabolism within the biological system to give rise to these highly reactive oxidants. Not all reactive oxygen species are harmful to the body. Some of them are useful for killing invasive pathogens or microbes. However, free radicals can interact chemically with cellular components such as DNA, proteins or lipids and steal their electrons in order to stabilize. This, in turn, destabilizes the molecules of cellular components which then seek out and steal an electron from another molecule, thereby triggering a large chain of radical reactions. Every cell that uses enzymes and oxygen to perform functions is exposed to oxygen free radical reactions that have the potential to cause serious damage to the cell. Antioxidants are molecules found in cells that prevent these reactions by donating an electron to free radicals without destabilizing them. An imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants is the underlying basis of oxidative stress.

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