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Asthma Scholarly Journal | Open Access Journals
Pharmaceutical Regulatory Affairs: Open Access

Pharmaceutical Regulatory Affairs: Open Access

ISSN: 2167-7689

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Asthma Scholarly Journal

Asthma is an obstructive pulmonary disease affecting more than 230 million people worldwide and a major cause of morbidity in patients of all ages. It is a heterogeneous disease with a complex and phenotype. The diagnosis is made from a complete history and a physical examination, and the condition is characterized by variable obstruction of air flow and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. It is important to understand the severity of the disease and treatment is aimed at controlling symptoms and preventing future exacerbations. Pharmacological therapy with beta-agonists for intermittent asthma and inhaled corticosteroids and a combination of inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting beta-2 agonists for persistent asthma are recommended. Additional and alternative treatments with modifiers, anticholinergics, biologics and bronchial thermoplasty are also available. However, understanding the phenotype, endotype, and comorbidities of an individual's disease is necessary for the treatment of asthma, with appropriate consultation with asthma specialists for people with severe asthma.

Symptoms of asthma can be non-specific and varied, making diagnosis difficult. Patients often experience wheezing, shortness of breath and coughing that occur more frequently during the night and early in the morning.4 Symptoms are often episodic and can be caused by a variety of triggers, such as irritants, specific allergens and 'exercise. Wheezing and nocturnal dyspnea have a strong correlation with the diagnosis of asthma (relative risk: 26% and 29%, respectively), and wheezing is the most sensitive and widespread symptom for the diagnosis of asthma.5,6 Respiratory symptoms that vary in time and intensity, which are worse at night or in the morning, and which have specific triggers, are associated with a higher probability of being diagnosed with asthma7. no other respiratory symptom decreases the likelihood of asthma.7 Taking a detailed history is an important step in diagnosing asthma, and physician-confirmed evidence of variable airflow limitation is necessary to confirm presence of disease. 

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