Kaleab Tesfaye Tegegne, Abiyu Ayalew Assefa*, Gashaw Mehiret Wubet, Andualem Zenebe, Eleni Tesfaye Tegegne and Mekibib Kassa Tessema
Background: In Ethiopia, mental illness in particular depression is the leading non-communicable disorder in terms of burden. The purpose of this review is to provide latest available comparison of depression among married and divorced people in Ethiopia. Methods: This is systemic review and meta-analysis by study design. The studies were searched in Google Scholar, Medline and Web of science database and PRISMA guidelines protocol was used to write the systematic review.
Results: Twenty studies were found to be eligible and included in the meta-analysis. The combined effect size of all studies revealeda statistically significant association between marital status and depression (OR = 0.57; 95% CI: 0.37 - 0.86).
Conclusions: We found that divorced people were more likely to have depression than married people. Thus, more attention should be paid to strengthen activities which discourage divorce at community level and integrating mental health counseling into health extension programme is advisable.
Madhura Perera*, Jacquline Tham and Ferdous Azam
DOI: 10.37421/2572-0791.2023.9.74
This paper explores into the empirical literature related to the factors affecting clinical depression and on the impact of clinical depression on academic performance among undergraduates. Hereby a series of past empirical studies in the fields of depression and academic performance have been examined and their findings have been summarized. There is a dearth of empirical literature pertaining to these fields currently and more studies are required to strengthen the existing body of knowledge. This paper mainly aims to summarize the widely spread empirical literature on these two domains into a single summary to facilitate future researchers undertaking research in exploring factors affecting clinical depression and its effects on academic achievement among undergraduates. The prevailing literature summarized here highlights that physical exercises, excessive internet use, recent life changing crisis, domestic violence, substance abuse, family and personal history of depression, study year, academic demands, living conditions, parental expectations, financial difficulties and unemployment can lead towards clinical depression and it can adversely affect towards the academic performance among undergraduates.
Awoke Seyoum Tegegne* and Wosenie Gebireamanuel Hailu
Background: The Ethiopian government wants to decrease and control tobacco usage and reduce it in the near future, which is adopted from the WHO plan. Identifying the association or relationship between raw material costs, amount of tobacco production, total sales value and tax paid about tobacco product is important to achieve the government’s tobacco usage reduction plan. The study aimed to examines the relationship between tobacco product, raw material cost, sale value and tax paid in Ethiopia using annual time series data from the 1996 to 2018.
Method: The study used the best popular method of Augmented Dickey Fuller and Phillips Peron unit root test for stationarity test. Johansen cointegration test was used to determine the number of co-integrating equation. The co-integration test used to show the presence of long run relationship and Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) is appropriate than pure VAR. Granger causality, impulse response functions and forecast error variance decompositions were applied.
Result: The ADF and PP unit root test showed that all series are integrated of order one that is stationary after first differencing. Johansen cointegration test revealed there are two co-integrating equation. The VECM show product is affect by itself only but the other variables were affected by whole variables at first and second lagged values. VEC Granger causality showed that there is uni-directional causality between product and the others variables but not the reverse. Raw material cost, sale value and tax all have bi-directional causality between each other. The impulse response analysis show that shock of product and sale value leads to mix of negative and positive response of product but the shock of raw material cost and tax leads to positive product response. Similarly, the other variables shock has effect to each other. Forecast error variance decompositions shows that the portion of the variance in the forecast error for each variable due to innovations to all variables in the system. This proportion may decrease or increase according to shock effect on the endogenous variable.
Conclusion: From the model there exist a long run and short run relationship among the variables. Each variables shock has influence on the other variable in the system and there is Uni-directional a bi-directional causality among the variables. Seven years ahead forecasting was done and has increasing trend in certain manner. Tax has negative long run and short run relationship with sale value and it recommended using tax to tobacco control.
Clinical Depression received 89 citations as per Google Scholar report
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