Reports in Thyroid Research

Thyroid hormone resistance is a rare condition where there is an impaired sensitivity of target tissues to thyroid hormone. This leads to a situation where both the thyroid hormone levels and the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) are raised, as TSH is not suppressed as would normally be expected. Incidence of this condition is around 1 in 40,000 live births. TR-beta gene mutation is the most common cause of thyroid hormone resistance. Clinical manifestations are dependent on the type of mutant thyroid hormone receptor and each target tissue’s predominant thyroid hormone receptor expression. Affected patients can present with a range of hyperthyroid or hypothyroid signs and symptoms. Majority of the cases described so far have an autosomal dominant inheritance. In this case series, we describe two young children and their father who have thyroid hormone resistance. They all possess a TR beta- gene defect secondary to a heterozygous mutation. Due to the widely variable signs and symptoms and the nontypical trend of laboratory markers in thyroid hormone resistance, it can be difficult for the clinician to diagnose if one is not familiar with it. Thus, this entity should be taken into consideration when one encounters a patient with elevated serum FT4, unsuppressed TSH and decreased serum T4/ T3 ratio.

TIRADS (Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System) is a risk stratification system for classifying thyroid lesions and was recently recognized by American College of Radiology (ACR) in 2017. TIRADS classification is now being used in daily routine categorization of sonographically visualized thyroid nodules. The aim of the study was to categorize all solid nodules of thyroid identified sonographically according to the TIRADS score and correlating the TIRADS score with BETHESDA histopathological category of the same nodule after FNAC. This correlation if validated could help avoid many unnecessary aspirations and thyroid related surgical procedures in cases where both sonographic and histopathological grades are low and to warrant early intervention in case of high scores with increasing risk of malignancy.

Objectives: To evaluate the frequency of the thyroid gland invasion in patients with advanced laryngeal squamous cellcarcinoma submitted to total laryngectomy and thyroidectomy and to determine whether clinical and pathologicalcharacteristics of laryngeal carcinoma can predict glandular involvement. Methods: A retrospective case series with chart review, from March 2009 to January 2018, was undertaken in the Princess Norah Oncology Center, King Abdul-Aziz Medical City, Jeddah / KSA. An inception cohort of 56 patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma was considered. Nine cases were excluded. All patients had advanced stage cancer larynx (clinically T3-T4) and underwent total laryngectomy in association with thyroidectomy. Total thyroidectomy was performed in all bilateral lesions or if there was suspicion of contralateral lobe involvement. Hemithyroidectomy was performed in all lateralized lesions. Retrospective histopathologic analysis of thyroid specimens was subsequently performed. The frequency of thyroid gland invasion was calculated and analysis of demographic, clinical and pathological characteristics associated with thyroid gland invasion was performed.

A retrospective case series with chart review, from March 2009 to January 2018, was undertaken in the Princess Norah Oncology Center, King Abdul-Aziz Medical City, Jeddah / KSA. An inception cohort of 56 patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma was considered. Nine cases were excluded. All patients had advanced stage cancer larynx (clinically T3-T4) and underwent total laryngectomy in association with thyroidectomy. Total thyroidectomy was performed in all bilateral lesions or if there was suspicion of contralateral lobe involvement. Hemithyroidectomy was performed in all lateralized lesions. Retrospective histopathologic analysis of thyroid specimens was subsequently performed. The frequency of thyroid gland invasion was calculated and analysis of demographic, clinical and pathological characteristics associated with thyroid gland invasion was performed.

A retrospective case series with chart review, from March 2009 to January 2018, was undertaken in the Princess Norah Oncology Center, King Abdul-Aziz Medical City, Jeddah / KSA. An inception cohort of 56 patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma was considered. Nine cases were excluded. All patients had advanced stage cancer larynx (clinically T3-T4) and underwent total laryngectomy in association with thyroidectomy. Total thyroidectomy was performed in all bilateral lesions or if there was suspicion of contralateral lobe involvement. Hemithyroidectomy was performed in all lateralized lesions. Retrospective histopathologic analysis of thyroid specimens was subsequently performed. The frequency of thyroid gland invasion was calculated and analysis of demographic, clinical and pathological characteristics associated with thyroid gland invasion was performed.