Journal of Textile Science & Engineering

Fashion in a meeker way will be enumerated as the science of appearance. The phrase is inclusive of the factor that it is combination of how the person is and in terms of his personality along with the aroma he chooses to wear based on his traits. In the olden day’s good smell and personality: or in specific, the type of person and the choice of fragrance have been given as special eye to judge a person. Perfumes are extremely significant in the field of fashion, since it’s expels the reflection of glamour and luxury of that individual. Twentieth century is raising more professionals in all fields and perfumes are getting more into limelight by serving as an essential accessory in fashion. This paper is crafted with an objective to cover the history of perfumes, the trends in each country, the raw material used in perfume making, methods to apply the perfume and ways to store the perfume to ensure longer life and better impact.

Conducting polymer coated in textiles possess a wide range of electrical properties. The surface resistivity is influenced by concentrations of the reactants, thickness of the coating, nature of the substrate surface, extent of penetration of the polymer into the textile structure and the strength of the binding of the coating to the textile surface. Low resistivity in fabric results from highly doped thicker coatings that penetrate well into the textile structure thus enabling good electrical contact between fibers.

In this study, we had chosen copper as conductor polymer for coating. The electrical conductivity is influenced by the thickness of coating paste, the nature of the substrate surface. The thickness of the paste and the concentration of the copper were studied in this paper. Furthermore, the electrical surface resistance decreased from 68 MΩ to 8 MΩ with decreasing in coating thickness. However, the thickness of coated fabric is very important factor to determine conductivity and application of textile. In addition, we had noticed that the airflow is affected by the coating thickness which the penetration of the airflow differs from the lower thickness to the higher one.

This study confirm that we can use coating woven fabric to develop a textile substrate responding to characteristics such as electrical resistance, drapability, air permeability and tensile strength, which are particularly important to be used as a support for flexible photovoltaic cells in clothes.

This paper investigates the seam strength and efficiency along with, how fabric structural and sewing parameters as: weave design, weft density and seam type effect the strength and efficiency of seams. Six cotton fabrics having three weave designs and two weft densities were developed and sewn by five different seam sub-types. The lockstitch sewing machine was used. Strength of fabrics and seams were tested on Instron tensile machine. Assessments of all results were conducted with respect to weave design, weft density and seam sub-types separately by using a factorial design variance analysis. The study found that weave design significantly affect the seam strength and its efficiency in both directions. The direction of stitch is most important for seam efficiency. Moreover, the increasing trend was found towards seam strength and its efficiency by increasing the weft density. Each seam sub-type has its own strength values relative to each type of weave design and weft density. This research emphasizes only on cotton fabric with selected fabric structural parameters and seam sub-types. The presented conclusion is effective only this group of parameters and cannot be used inclusively. Thus far, the effect of different fabric structural parameters with seams has not been studied previously. This concern has been fulfilled in this research.

The cost of making apparel fabrics for garment manufacturing is very high because of their conventional manufacturing processes and new methods/processes are being constantly developed for making fabrics by unconventional methods. With the advancements in technology and the availability of the innovative fibre, durable nonwoven fabrics by using the hydroentanglement process that can compete with the woven fabrics in terms of their aesthetic and tensile properties are being developed. In the work reported here, the hydroentangled nonwoven fabrics were developed through a hybrid nonwoven manufacturing processes by using fibrillated Tencel® and bi-component (sheath/core) polyethylene/polyester (PE/PET) fibres, in which the initial nonwoven fabrics were prepared by the needle-punching method followed by hydroentanglement process carried out at optimal pressures of 50 to 250 bars. The prepared fabrics were characterised according to the British Standards (BS 3356:1990, BS 9237:1995, BS 13934-1:1999) and the attained results were compared with those for a standard plain-weave cotton, polyester woven fabric and commercially available nonwoven fabric (Evolon®). The developed hydroentangled fabrics showed better drape properties owing to their flexural rigidity of 252 mg.cm in the MD, while the corresponding commercial hydroentangled fabric displayed a value of 1340 mg.cm in the MD. Tensile strength of the developed hydroentangled fabrics showed an approximately 200% increase than the commercial hydroentangled fabrics. Similarly, the developed hydroentangled fabrics showed higher properties in term of air permeability, such as the developed hydroentangled fabric exhibited 448 mm/sec and Evolon fabric exhibited 69 mm/sec at 100 Pa pressure. Thus for apparel fabrics, the work combining the existing methods of nonwoven production, provides additional benefits in terms of cost, time and also helps in reducing the carbon footprint for the apparel fabric manufacture.

In this study the energy absorption response and load carrying capability of Bombyx mori (B. mori) natural silk fibre/Epoxy composite cylindrical tubes under an axial quasi-static compression was investigated. The composite tubes were prepared using mandrel assisted hand lay-up technique. The tube was fabricated using 24 layers of B. mori natural silk fibre, fully wetted with epoxy matrix. The tube was then cut into varied lengths of 50 mm, 80 mm, and 120 mm, respectively. Three specimens were tested in each category. The experimental results were analysed by measuring maximum peak load (P_max), specific absorbed energy (SAE), and total energy absorption (TE) as a function of tube length. Findings show results being varied according to tube length in unpredictable manners. Failure fragmentation of the tubes was analysed from photographs obtained during the test using high resolution camera, which showed micro cracks induced by compression load as the predominant source of failure.

Cotton fibre was modified by condensation polymerization with functionalized silane coupling agents like vinyltriethoxysilane (VTES) and aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) in an ethanol/water medium. The modification of cotton fibre enhanced the tensile properties, softness properties, water repellence and wrinkle recovery, due to higher flexibility of the Si-O bond between the silane coupling agents and the cotton fibre. The ability of the modified cotton fibre to swell decreased in an aqueous solution, which affects the overall chemical suitability of the fibre. The optimized condition in which to modify cotton fibre was a monomer concentration of: 500% for VTES and 600% for APTES (depending on the weight of the fibre); pH 3.5 for VTES and 5 for APTES: ethanol-water ratio 40:60 for VTES and 80:20 for APTES; reaction time of 90 minutes both for VTES and APTES at room temperature (30°C), in the fibre-liquor ratio of 1:50. Swelling of the modified cotton fibre decreased in polar solvents and increased in nonpolar solvents. Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy was used to identify the incorporation of siliconcontaining molecules. Energy Disperse X-ray analysis determined the quantities of atomic silicon which directly reflects its valence bond with organic moieties. Scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis were used to investigate the surface morphology and thermal behavior of the modified fibre, respectively. Examination of the dyeability of washed and modified cotton fibres, dyed with Reactive Brown-10 and Reactive Orange-14, showed that the absorption of dye by modified fibre was comparatively higher than that of raw cotton fibre.

In this study, the bamboo fibre bundles (CAN retted fibre bundles) have been treated with sodium hydroxide at different processing conditions, in combination with potassium hydroxide and chlorine containing agent sodium chlorite solution. The purpose of this study was to develop efficient method for the extraction/loosening of bamboo fibres for further textile applications, therefore, lignin content, tensile strength, weight loss, moisture content, whiteness and yellowness indices were measured. Lignin content analysis of the extracted fibre bundles showed that there was a remarkable reduction in lignin content after these treatments. Scanning electronic microscopy of the treated bamboo fibre bundles showed removal of short elementary fibres from their surfaces in appropriate amount which further improved their overall physical properties of treated bamboo fibres.

Polyamidoamine dendrimer of zero generation was prepared by a divergent synthesis scheme using the reagent excess method starting from ethylenediamine by consecutive Michael addition and ester amidation reaction. In order to obtain the fluorescent dye, the amino end groups of synthesized dendrimer were reacted with 4-amino- 1,8-naphthalimide via aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction. The chemical structures of prepared dye and its corresponding intermediates were studied by FTIR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR and UV-Visible spectroscopic techniques. Synthesized dye was applied as a disperse dye on polyester fabric by high temperature exhaustion dyeing and relevant characteristics of dyed fabrics including dye ability, build up, wash and light fastness were evaluated. Also the position of color in CIELAB coordinates (L*, a*, b*, h°, C*) was assessed.