Journal of Morphology and Anatomy

Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 1 is a hereditary syndrome, with an autosomal dominant transmission, characterized by hyperplasia/ tumours in endocrine organs
(parathyroids, pituitary, gastro-intestinal system). The gene involved is MEN1 gene on chromosome 11q13 which encodes menin, an oncosuppressive nuclear protein
according to Knudson “two hit” hypothesis. Expression of menin and its inactivation in the thyroid gland have long been debated.

A recent study by Jannel et al. (2019) has been published on the biomechanics and foot posture of the gigantic sauropod non-avian dinosaurs in a preliminary attempt to understand how these giants could support their massive weight on land. As the leading author, I have been invited to present a short review of this study. Here, I sum up succinctly the importance of this work prior to discussing some of the caveats and avenues for future researches in this unusual field of science.

The pituitary gland is an essential component of the endocrine system of vertebrates. It is responsible for the control of various processes, including metabolism, reproduction, lactation, the response to stress, growth, and morphological color change. Though having some variation, jawed vertebrates possess many shared features of pituitary development, morphology, and function. In this review, the evolutionary origins of these characteristics are traced with a focus on the origins of the relationship between the hypothalamus and the adenohypophysis. Recent research into the developmental biology of chordates and the hormones of hagfish and lampreys have shed light upon the evolutionary novelties of jawed vertebrates.

False sutural bones share an unknown origin with true sutural bones. Both are found in healthy individuals; however a higher incidence has been recorded in a variety of congenital disorders. Equally have been reports of very high frequencies in Chinese and Indian’s cranium. Due to false sutural bones anatomical location inside a cranial bone not related to cranial’s sutures. Author proposes false sutural bones should have denominated as intercranial bones (Ossa Intercranial) in International Anatomical Terminology. The debate is opened about its anatomical denomination.