Biosensors & Bioelectronics

Because of concerns about depleting fossil fuel supplies, growing population, and industrialization producing ever-increasing fuel use, renewable energy is capturing a larger share of worldwide attention. In reaction to the coming energy crisis, governments all over the world have backed the use of alternative energy sources. The growing cost of oil has heightened interest in biofuels, including bioethanol, biodiesel, and biohydrogen, to mention a few. Biofuels are classified as either first or second generation. First generation biofuels are often produced using traditional processes from carbohydrates, lipids, oils, or agricultural waste. Second generation biofuels are often made from lignocellulosic biomass, which includes cellulosic plant material such as stalks, stems, and wood. Many second generation biofuels are being developed, including biohydrogen, biomethanol, and mixed alcohols.

The objective of nanotechnology is to create nanodevices that are intelligent, versatile, incredibly tiny, extremely sensitive, and consume little power. With the help of a nanosensor, nanomaterials and nanofabrication technologies. The gadget is predicted to be compact in size and power consumption; consequently, the energy gathered from it may be used the atmosphere required to fuel such a system for wireless, self-sustaining operation The goal of self-powered nanotechnology at developing a self-powered, self-contained system, wirelessly and sustainably. It is highly desired for wireless devices and even required for implanted biomedical systems to be self-powered without using a battery, which not only can largely enhance the adaptability of the devices but also greatly reduce the size and weight of the system. Therefore, it is urgent to develop selfpowered nanotechnology that harvests energy from the environment for self-powering these nanodevices.